2 10 13 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ffb9d7e57a522f9145ab2278b84bde5e.jpg ab3474a70feb3f0a2a1da21f7c4e9e60 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Revolution and the New Nation Description An account of the resource The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces. Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1754-1820s Person An individual. Birth Date 1768 Death Date 1849 Birthplace Orange County Occupation First Lady Biographical Text A member of a Quaker family, Dolley Payne Todd Madison (May 20, 1768–July 12, 1849) grew up in Hanover County before her father moved to Philadelphia about 1783. She married a Quaker lawyer, but he and one of their two sons died in the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. The following year she married James Madison, a member of the House of Representatives from Virginia, and they later settled at Montpelier, his plantation in Orange County. They moved to the new capital city of Washington, D.C., where Dolley Madison became a well-known and popular hostess while her husband served as Secretary of State (1801–1809) and afterward as the fourth president of the United States (1809–1817). As First Lady, Madison established highly popular weekly receptions and served as a political partner to her husband, supporting his agenda and reaching out to his opponents when necessary. During the War of 1812, she delayed leaving the White House in order to secure papers and other valuables, including (by her account) the portrait of George Washington, from the British forces threatening the city. After James Madison retired to Montpelier, she assisted him in organizing and preparing his papers for publication, including those of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. She was devoted to her husband and rarely left Montpelier until after his death, when she returned to Washington, D.C., in December 1843. Although an impoverished widow, Dolley Madison continued her active role in society and was mourned by congressmen, Supreme Court justices, and the president at her funeral in 1849. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dolley Madison Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource A quintessential hostess, Dolley Madison was at the center of the national political scene for many years and defined the role of First Lady in the 19th century. Government and Law https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0a7da82ab5ba2f4e022a3287230e6a2b.jpg 2cdc997294cbce4d719174bc70c8abaf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Revolution and the New Nation Description An account of the resource The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces. Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1754-1820s Person An individual. Birth Date circa 1750 Birthplace Wythe County Death Date after 1820 Occupation Principal in a Freedom Suit Biographical Text Rachel Findlay (ca. 1750–after August 17, 1820) was born into slavery early in the 1750s in the part of Virginia that later became Powhatan County. Her maternal grandmother was an illegally enslaved Indian woman and her mother possibly had both Indian and African ancestry. Virginia law dictated that the children of enslaved women were also slaves, so she and her children were born enslaved. Early in the 1770s Findlay, her brother Samuel, and her young daughter sued their owner, Thomas Clay, on the grounds that because their grandmother's enslavement was illegal, they were also illegally enslaved. The General Court ruled in May 1773 that they were free, but the Clay family sent Findlay and her daughter west before the court reached its verdict and in 1774 sold them to John Draper. He and his family held them in slavery in Wythe County. In 1813, Rachel Findlay filed suit in the Wythe County Court to obtain the freedom to which she had been legally entitled but had never enjoyed. After seven years of delays and difficulties and the transfer of the case to the Powhatan County Court, she again won freedom for herself on May 13, 1820. Findlay's approximately forty children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren were therefore legally entitled to become free, too. Several of them successfully sued for their freedom, but others may have never known about the suit and its outcome. Findlay became free, but how long she lived as a free person is not known. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rachel Findlay Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource The granddaughter of an illegally enslaved Indian woman, Rachel Findlay successfully sued for her freedom and ensured the freedom of many of her descendants. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Virginia Women in History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Government and Law https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ec4f33b43d03522186a76cae2687f47d.TIF 678996d2632d8bed976fbb9ed76a9828 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Revolution and the New Nation Description An account of the resource The American Revolution is often considered one of the most crucial times of United States history to study, as it lays the groundwork for all political history following it. Not only did it end the colonial relationship with England, but it brought about political change that would not only shape our lives, but would serve as an example for other nations. It also called into question social and political relationships, raising questions of freedom and inalienable rights. Some of America’s most important documents and greatest political minds come from this era. The war itself also was Revolutionary, with successful guerilla-style fighting and the defeat by colonials of well-trained British military forces. Following the war, the creation of the Constitution and the process of ratification shifted not only the style of government, but also the way in which governments functioned and an increased public investment. This process also called into question the balance of power between federal and state, an issue that would continue to be present in American Politics well after the Constitution of 1787 and the Bill of Rights were completed. Despite strong unity among many in the Revolution, economic, regional, social, ideological, religious, and political tensions did not fade, and in some cases, increased, as America sought to define itself. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1754-1820s Person An individual. Birth Date Circa 1750 Birthplace Williamsburg Death Date 1807 or 1808 Occupation Baptist Leader Biographical Text Gowan Pamphlet (ca. 1750-1807 or 1808) was born enslaved. While the details of his personal life are unknown, when he began preaching in the 1770s he was the property of a Williamsburg tavern keeper. At that time Pamphlet probably led a congregation of free and enslaved African Americans meeting in secret on the outskirts of the city. While he evidently avoided the more violent abuses sometimes meted out to black preachers then, Pamphlet was not immune to discrimination. Prejudice may have fueled accusations that he stole a horse in 1779 and that he participated in a slave revolt plot in 1793. Early in his career, the leading association of Baptist congregations in Virginia banned all preachers of color. Pamphlet ignored the decree. Pamphlet moved with his owner nearer to Richmond, the new capital, in 1786, but in a few years returned to Williamsburg with a new owner. In 1793 Pamphlet was freed. His deed of manumission was the first document to record his surname, and he probably choose the name Pamphlet at that time. That same year Pamphlet's Williamsburg congregation was received into the Dover Baptist Association, giving them a full endorsement as an active church. By 1805, Pamphlet owned land in Williamsburg and several acres outside the city. He continued to minister to his congregation, which at times numbered approximately 500 members, until his death. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2010</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Representative Image Courtesy of the Prints and Photographs Collection, Library of Congress. Detail from Broadside, "American Sketches: A Negro Congregation at Washington" (1876). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gowan Pamphlet Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Description An account of the resource Gowan Pamphlet was born enslaved, but persevered to become a well-known preacher, gain his freedom, and establish a Baptist church in Williamsburg that continues as an active congregation today. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Virginia Women in History Honoree Religion