3 10 45 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/1a4dcf35c7e63c1573a0ef6cf7b44bf1.jpg 742eb8d6de3c7931e50d2d5f0d1731cc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1872 Birthplace Wytheville Death Date 1961 Occupation First Lady Biographical Text Born in Wytheville, Edith Bolling (October 15, 1872–December 28, 1961) traced her ancestry to Pocahontas and Thomas Jefferson. She attended Martha Washington College, in Abingdon, and then the Richmond Female Seminary. In 1896, she married Norman Galt, the owner of a jewelry store in Washington, D.C. After Galt died, she oversaw the business until the 1930s. In 1915, Edith Galt met the recently widowed President Woodrow Wilson, whom she married after a brief courtship. Her social role as First Lady was overshadowed by the war in Europe, and Edith Wilson embraced food and gasoline conservation at the White House and kept sheep to maintain the lawn. She donated the proceeds of the sale of the wool to the Red Cross, for which she also volunteered. After the war, she accompanied her husband to France, visiting hospitals and troops. She also attended the peace conference where Wilson presented his plan for the League of Nations. When the president suffered a debilitating stroke in 1919, Edith Wilson concealed the severity of his illness from his cabinet and the public and began what she called her "stewardship" of her husband's duties. For several months, she screened matters of state brought to his attention, controlled access to him by government officials, and reported his decisions, which led to later references to her as the "secret president." Edith Wilson remained in Washington after her husband's death in 1924, managing his legacy. One of her last public appearances was at the 1961 inauguration of John F. Kennedy. The Wilsons are interred at the Washington National Cathedral. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of International Newsreel. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edith Bolling Galt Wilson Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource As First Lady of the United States, Edith Wilson was Woodrow Wilson's trusted confidant. Government and Law https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/4f024d467daf18972e3b68e5854ce29c.jpg a6b377e6f9812dbfa67dd0d665012659 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/f1f5353854b3a53a1caaa9c48ed18c01.mp3 cb72c68765c2aec0d590c411d5a75c29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1864 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1934 Occupation Enterpreneur and Civil Rights Leader Biographical Text An astute businesswoman, Maggie Lena Mitchell Walker (July 15, 1864–December 15, 1934) was also a tireless advocate for civil rights. Born in Richmond, Maggie Mitchell graduated from the Richmond Colored Normal School and became a teacher. On September 14, 1886, she married Armstead Walker Jr., with whom she had three children. By 1904 they were living in Richmond's Jackson Ward, a vibrant African American neighborhood. Maggie Walker joined the Independent Order of Saint Luke, an African American fraternal organization, in 1881. She rose through the ranks and became Grand Secretary and steered the Order to fiscal security. In 1901 she declared her intention to expand the Order's services to its members to include a bank, a newspaper, and a department store. The Saint Luke Penny Savings Bank opened in November 1903 with Walker as its president, making her the first African American woman to establish and be president of a bank. A voice for civil rights, Walker helped to organize a protest in 1904 against the Virginia Passenger and Power Company's policy of segregated seating on Richmond's streetcars. She advocated voting rights for women, arguing that equal pay for their work would not become reality until "women force Capital to hear them at the ballot box." When the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing woman suffrage was ratified, she and community activist Ora Brown Stokes organized a successful voter registration drive in Richmond. In 1921 she sought election as superintendent of public instruction on the "Lily Black" Republican ticket that featured Richmond Planet editor John Mitchell Jr., as the gubernatorial candidate. Maggie Lena Walker died in 1934 at her home, which is now a National Historic Site owned and operated by the National Park Service. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International, and featured as one of the Library's <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020</a> Virginia Women in History suffrage activists as part of the Library's 19th Amendment Centennial <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/wedemand/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhibition</a>, We Demand: Women's Suffrage in Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of The Valentine, Richmond. Audio clip: excerpt of Maggie Walker's July 14, 1912, speech to the Negro Young People's Christian and Educational Congress (Maggie Walker National Historic Site), read by Library of Virginia staff. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maggie Lena Walker Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Businesswoman and community activist Maggie Walker was the first African American woman to charter and serve as president of a bank. Business and Entrepreneurship Civil Rights and Reform Community Leadership and Philanthropy https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/13f3d93de316855749db30957e57a56a.jpg 1fd02e26748c99affd26832640568435 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/52a184bfddb91ca8104ecc81bc8b88d3.mp3 e9d8b68e8ff94bd01565f80b351dfe37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1865 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1921 Biographical Text Social reformer and suffrage activist Lila Hardaway Meade (February 4, 1865–July 14, 1921) was born in Richmond and in 1886 married Benjamin B. Valentine, a wealthy businessman who shared her interest in public service. In 1900, Lila Valentine formed the Richmond Education Association to improve the city's public schools through the development of a kindergarten training school and curriculum, a vocational training program, and the construction of a new high school. In 1902, she helped organize and secure funding for the Instructive Visiting Nurse Association to provide health care services to the poor, including tuberculosis clinics. Valentine believed that female voters could help bring about social reform, and in 1909 she cofounded and presided over the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. She traveled across the state campaigning for suffrage and speaking out against those who feared that woman suffrage threatened traditional gender roles and racial voting restrictions. Speaking before a legislative committee in 1912, Valentine informed delegates that "we do not conceive that we have freedom without the ballot." The General Assembly defeated suffrage measures in 1912, 1914, and 1916, and Valentine subsequently advocated a national amendment to the United States Constitution. Once the Nineteenth Amendment became law in 1920, she supported the Equal Suffrage League's transition to the Virginia League of Women Voters, although poor health prevented her active participation. Despite her crusade, Valentine died in 1921 without ever casting a ballot. A memorial plaque placed in the Virginia State Capitol in 1936 honors her achievements in the fight for woman suffrage. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International, and featured as one of the Library's <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2020" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020</a> Virginia Women in History suffrage activists as part of the Library's 19th Amendment Centennial <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/wedemand/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhibition</a>, We Demand: Women's Suffrage in Virginia. Occupation Reformer and Suffragist Bibliography Image Courtesy of The Valentine, Richmond. Audio clip: excerpt of Lila M. Valentine's September 7, 1916, speech to the National American Woman Suffrage Association convention, read by Library of Virginia staff. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lila Meade Valentine Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Social reformer Lila Meade Valentine was a founder and president of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/9513e6f2772c8210e64a8c521c4a8919.jpg 140fc0ae9cfc45332662b4c460992e74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1882 Death Date 1975 Occupation Poet Biographical Text Anne Spencer (February 6, 1882–July 27, 1975) was born Annie Bethel Bannister in Henry County. Her father had been born enslaved and her parents, though separated, strove to make a better life for their daughter. After graduating from Virginia Seminary (later Virginia University of Lynchburg) in 1899, she married fellow student Edward Spencer in 1901. They settled in Lynchburg, where their home became an epicenter for writers and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance, including Langston Hughes, George Washington Carver, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Although Spencer lived outside New York City, the center of the Harlem Renaissance, she was recognized as one of its members. Her activism against racial discrimination brought her into contact with James Weldon Johnson, a writer and field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who helped her establish an NAACP chapter in Lynchburg. While staying at her home, he discovered Spencer's poetry and arranged for the publication of her poem, "Before the Feast at Shushan," in The Crisis (February 1920). She later described meeting Johnson as "an act of God." During the course of the next decade almost twenty of her poems appeared in magazines and in anthologies of African American literature, including Weldon's work, The Book of American Negro Poetry (1922). An important-but-often-unheralded poet of the black literary movement of the 1920s, Anne Spencer was one of the few African Americans included in the influential Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (1973). <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2003</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Birthplace Lynchburg Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Spencer Family. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anne B. Spencer Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource An advocate for civil rights, Anne Spencer was also a noted poet of the Harlem Renaissance. Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/239d824f90a13891595076daa0c87b5f.jpg cb4e321daa9e316779560d446a4992bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1870 Birthplace Henrico County Death Date 1958 Occupation Educator Biographical Text The child of former slaves, Virginia Estelle Randolph (May 1870–March 16, 1958) completed her education at the age of sixteen and took her first teaching job in Goochland County. In 1892 she began teaching at the Mountain Road School, in Henrico County. There she developed her unique approach to education by creating a successful formula based on practicality, creativity, and involvement from parents and the community. A firm believer in learning through doing, Randolph combined academic instruction with lessons on cooking, weaving, and gardening. Because of her innovative teaching style, in October 1908 she became the first Jeanes Supervisor Industrial Teacher, a position she held for more than forty years. Her work took her throughout the South and earned her a national and international reputation as a leader in education. In 1915 a new high school for African Americans, the Virginia Randolph County Training School, was constructed in Randolph's honor. In 1930 a larger brick building replaced the original school after a fire destroyed it. In 1924 a girls' dormitory opened, located on three acres purchased by Randolph next to the school, to provide housing for thirty female students. Randolph also took students into her own home. The 1930 census lists fourteen "adopted" sons and daughters, ranging in age from eleven to nineteen, living in her household. In recognition of her success, Randolph received a William E. Harmon Award in 1926. She retired in 1949 and died in 1958. In 1970 the Virginia Randolph School was dedicated as a museum, and in 1974 the Virginia Randolph Cottage became a National Historic Landmark. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2009" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2009</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Virginia Estelle Randolph Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Virginia Estelle Randolph's innovative teaching techniques became the model for African American education throughout the South early in the twentieth century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Virginia Women in History Honoree Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ee77cc2d9da518fea36e5ee4c28988ad.jpg f3e5c393fe9f79178937f9e3e01bf5ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1865 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1938 Occupation Social Reformer and Community Activist Biographical Text Richmond native Mary-Cooke Branch Munford (September 16, 1866–July 3, 1938) was not allowed to attend college and sought other ways to develop her keen intellect and her desire for social usefulness. In 1894 she helped establish a citywide Woman's Club, which quickly became one of the premier women's organizations in Virginia. She later joined the board of the Richmond Consumers' League, and in 1900 cofounded the Richmond Education Association to improve the city's struggling public school system. From 1904 through 1911, Munford served as its president, and in 1920 she was the first woman appointed to serve on Richmond's school board. Her interest in education extended statewide, and during her tenure as president of the Co-Operative Education Association of Virginia she championed major educational reforms. In 1910 she launched an unsuccessful crusade to establish a Co-Ordinate College for Women at the University of Virginia, but her efforts convinced the College of William and Mary to admit women in 1918. Joining other southern progressives to improve race relations and promote interracial cooperation, Munford helped found the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls in the 1910s and served on its board of trustees. She was also a trustee of Fisk University and the National Urban League and a founding member of the Virginia Inter-Racial Committee. Her reputation extended beyond Virginia, and she sat on the boards of the National Consumers' League and the National Child Labor Committee. In 1920 she was appointed a member of the Democratic National Committee. In recognition of her profound impact on education in Virginia, a dormitory at the University of Virginia and an elementary school in Richmond bear Munford's name. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2002</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Social reformer and activist Mary-Cooke Branch Munford advocated public school reforms, women's rights, and interracial cooperation throughout her life. Community Leadership and Philanthropy Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/bf9c50aff0c1da7c89ec5b5e8d2df7db.jpg 7c6d687723ae3c35e589dacfdfea9b5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1866 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1905 Occupation Physician Biographical Text Sarah Garland Boyd (February 1866-May 11, 1905) grew up among Richmond's black elite and became a teacher after graduating from Richmond Colored Normal School in 1883. Five years later she married fellow teacher Miles B. Jones. Sarah Jones entered Howard University's medical school in 1890 and earned her medical degree in 1893. On April 27, 1893, she became the first African American woman to pass the Virginia Medical Examining Board's examination. Sarah G. Jones established a successful medical practice in Richmond and also offered a one-hour free daily clinic for women and children. During the 1890s, she was one of only three female physicians and about half a dozen African American physicians in the city. In 1902, she and her husband, who had also earned his medical degree, helped create the Medical and Chirurgical Society of Richmond for African American doctors. Concerned about the lack of adequate medical facilities for black patients, Jones and several of the society's members opened a hospital in 1903 and an associated training school for nurses soon thereafter. In 1922, the Sarah G. Jones Memorial Hospital, Medical College and Training School for Nurses (later Richmond Community Hospital) was named in her honor. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2004</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sarah Garland Boyd Jones Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Sarah Garland Boyd Jones was the first African American woman to pass the Virginia Medical Examining Board's examination. Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ae95b349cbb61b507208ed31fd0dd3d3.jpg 494b01578bddce0d7af2040624eccb85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1870 Death Date 1936 Occupation Writer and Suffragist Biographical Text While growing up, Mary Johnston (November 21, 1870–May 9, 1936) read widely and developed a deep love of Virginia's history and landscape. She used the setting of 17th-century Virginia for her first two novels, Prisoners of Hope (1898) and To Have and to Hold (1900), which became a best seller that was twice made into silent movies. Her Civil War novels, The Long Roll (1911), and Cease Firing (1912) were critically acclaimed. A popular author of almost two dozen novels, Johnston purchased property at Warm Springs, in Bath County, and built a large house there in 1913. As one of the most successful female authors early in the 20th century, Johnston used her fame in support of the woman suffrage movement. She joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia when it was founded in 1909 and published several essays advocating voting rights for women. She regularly spoke on behalf of suffrage throughout the state and was often a featured speaker at national suffrage conventions and events, including the March 1913 parade in Washington, D.C. When she spoke to the nation's governors at a 1912 convention, she expressed her belief that the "indestructible" movement for women's rights "is going to revolutionize the world." The progressive ideals that she presented in her pioneering feminist novel Hagar (1913) generated controversy and her popularity began to decline. Johnston retired from most political activity about 1915, but she continued to express her keen interest in social reform through her writing until her death. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2005" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2005</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women. Learn more about <a href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Johnston_Mary" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary Johnston</a> in the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Congress. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Johnston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Best-selling author Mary Johnston was a leader in the fight for woman suffrage in Virginia. Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0ca11a2cffd5d52c42db96c4f91a265a.jpg 00ae1c2f2736d2ee4a4867a0f28db5eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1864 Death Date 1952 Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Occupation Photographer Biographical Text Born in West Virginia, Frances Benjamin Johnston (January 16, 1864–May 16, 1952) grew up in Washington, D.C., where her father worked for the government and her mother was a newspaper correspondent. After attending a nearby convent school, she studied drawing and painting in Paris. She returned to the United States in 1885 and planned to become a writer and use her art training to illustrate her stories. Intrigued by photography, she worked for a commercial photographer and established her own studio in the 1890s. She incorporated elements of journalism and art into her work, developing the distinctive style for which she would become famous. Johnston established her reputation taking portraits of the prominent and political elite in Washington, D.C., but she also photographed factory workers and coal miners. She was commissioned in 1899 to photograph the students and campus of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (later Hampton University), and the images were displayed at the 1900 Universal Exposition in Paris, where she also organized an exhibition of female photographers. Freethinking and strong-willed, Johnston advocated women's inclusion in photography, a field dominated by men. In 1927 Johnston photographed Chatham, an eighteenth-century manor on the Rappahannock River. Intrigued by early southern architecture, she began taking pictures of historic buildings in Fredericksburg and the surrounding area, and also provided the images for Colonial Churches in Virginia (1930). During the 1930s she received grants to document hundreds of Virginia's historic structures, as well as those in other southern states. Thousands of Johnston's photographs are part of the collections at the Library of Congress. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2003</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Birthplace Fredericksburg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frances Benjamin Johnston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource A highly successful photographer, Frances Benjamin Johnston's many accomplishments included documenting historic buildings of Virginia and the southeastern United States. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/c3dcfb7093bd439f25d5024ecd0d5dbc.jpg e1368c1669d4aed8dbc125949aede4c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1883 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1942 Occupation Artist and Social Reformer Biographical Text Growing up in Richmond, Eleanora Clare Gibson Houston (June 24, 1883–February 20, 1942) began studying art at about age ten. She continued her studies in New York City with William Merritt Chase, Kenneth Hayes Miller, and Robert Henri. After further training in Paris, Nora Houston, as she was generally known, returned in 1909 to teach at the Art Club of Richmond. About 1916 she and artist Adèle Clark established a studio, and for the rest of her life she taught art and was a leader in Richmond's art community. Houston exhibited her work nationally as well as locally and, with Clark, was a founder of the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, a forerunner of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. An advocate for women's right to vote, Houston joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, frequently spoke at its public meetings, and helped women register to vote after the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920. She was a founding member of the Virginia League of Women Voters and, as chair of its legislative committee, fought for laws to improve conditions for working women and children. She also worked to improve race relations in Richmond. In 1926 the National League of Women Voters named her one of twelve delegates to the International Woman Suffrage Alliance's conference in Paris. During the 1930s Houston was president of the Catholic Woman's Club in Richmond and supervised art production under the auspices of the Virginia Art Project of the federal Works Progress Administration. Nominated by John T. Tucker III, Mechanicsville. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nora Houston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Artist Nora Houston was a tireless advocate for woman suffrage and social reform. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform