2 10 18 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/7fdc9b82eb1d4d9af661a7e703a0da96.jpg 68bcc968a5a0a3c9875d849e9170a1cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1884 Birthplace Petersburg Death Date 1960 Occupation Botanical Illustrator Biographical Text In 1935 the City of Petersburg used funds from the Works Projects Administration to create a wildflower sanctuary in Lee Memorial Park. Under the direction of Mary Donald Claiborne Holden, women, black and white, cleared paths; transplanted flowers, shrubs, and trees; and gathered specimens of plants in the park. In 1937 Holden asked her neighbor Bessie Niemeyer Marshall (December 25, 1884–February 14, 1960) to paint watercolors of the herbarium. Sarah Elizabeth Niemeyer was born in Portsmouth. She married Myron Barraud Marshall, an Episcopal priest, on July 2, 1907. With nine children, Marshall had little time to pursue her interest in art, although she occasionally painted watercolors of plants and decorated household furniture and china. After serving parishes in the Philippines and in Virginia, the family settled in Petersburg in 1937. Although she had no formal training in painting, Marshall used her powers of observation and her knowledge of plants (she was an avid gardener) to create detailed renderings. Her 238 watercolors demonstrate her skill in depicting the delicacy of a plant's structure and the vibrancy of its colors. The commission brought much-needed money into the Marshall home. Her husband was disabled, and his pension was insufficient to support the large family. After the project ended, Marshall tried but had little success finding other commissions. After the deaths of her husband and grandson early in 1946, she returned to Portsmouth. Bessie Niemeyer Marshall died of a stroke in 1960. The Petersburg Garden Club won the 1948 Garden Club of Virginia Massie Prize for the Lee Park Herbarium. Lee Memorial Park is now on the National Register of Historic Places and undergoing restoration. Nominated by Virginia Rose Cherry, Richard Bland College. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy Of Petersburg Garden Club. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bessie Niemeyer Marshall Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Bessie Niemeyer Marshall created detailed watercolors of plants as part of a federally funded project that rescued a Petersburg park. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0030793cbb0b0c24d305a38409e19e1e.jpg 15392884c02f1202014b5190f11982af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1890 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1957 Occupation Founder of the National Association of Ministers' Waves Biographical Text Elizabeth A. Coles (November 14, 1890-February 5, 1957) was born in Liberia, the daughter of missionaries. Her family returned to Virginia in 1893. After high school, Coles wanted to be a missionary, but as there was no support for unmarried female missionaries, she prepared for a career as a teacher. One day she received a letter from Edward H. Bouey, also a child of missionaries. At their first meeting, he proposed to her, and they soon married. The couple went to Liberia, where they continued her parents’ work, ran a school, and began a hospital. In 1929 they returned to Richmond with their children and an adopted African youth. Elizabeth Coles Bouey became a public school teacher but found time to study theology at Virginia Union University and to earn a master’s degree in education from Columbia University. Knowing of the lack of training available for ministers’ wives, Bouey proposed a national association for them. Her idea was well received in the region, and the first chapter of the National Association of Ministers’ Wives was founded in Richmond in 1939. During the next year, Bouey organized other chapters in Virginia and corresponded with ministers’ wives throughout the United States. The first national conference took place in Richmond in 1941, and Bouey was elected president, a post she held until her death. Over the next sixteen years, Bouey oversaw members from more than thirty states and from West Africa; the establishment of the organization’s journal, Ministers’ Wives Herald; and the purchase of a building in Richmond. Since Bouey’s death the NAMW has become the International Association of Ministers’ Wives and Ministers’ Widows, with more than 40,000 members. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Coles Bouey Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource The daughter and wife of missionaries, Elizabeth Coles Bouey organized the National Association of Ministers’ Wives. Education Religion https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0c270bf723dd45df0c18ef630a65a805.jpg bcbfbcea09e18cb67775bd186a2fef17 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1898 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1955 Occupation Sculptor Biographical Text Leslie Garland Bolling (September 16, 1898-September 27, 1955) carved wooden figures that drew national attention in the first half of the twentieth century. The son of a Surry County blacksmith, Bolling attended Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute and graduated from Virginia Union University. He worked in Richmond as a porter, letter carrier, and utility tradesman to make a living. With pocket knives and a scroll saw, Bolling carved sculptures out of poplar wood in his spare time. Most were single human figures between a foot and two feet tall. After a group exhibition at the Richmond Young Women’s Christian Association, a Richmonder introduced Bolling to the New York art critic Carl Van Vechten, who became one of the artist’s supporters. In 1933 the self-taught carver won an award at an exhibition in Washington, D.C., sponsored by the Harmon Foundation, which supported African American art. Later that year he showed four more sculptures at Howard University. Bolling usually depicted African Americans at work or leisure. Among his better-known works was the Days of the Week series of seven figures, which showed black people in their day-to-day lives. In January 1935 Bolling earned the distinction of being the first African American in Virginia to have a one-man exhibition, at the Richmond Academy of Arts. In June 1937 the William D. Cox Gallery in New York presented a one-man show of seventeen of Bolling’s works, including the completed Days of the Week series. Bolling worked with Richmond leaders to establish the Craig House Art Center, a Works Progress Administration project that opened in 1938 to teach art and its appreciation to African Americans. He taught woodcarving and exhibited some of his sculptures there before the center closed in 1941. Bolling showed a few more pieces, but he had likely stopped carving by the time he died in 1955. Scholars have documented more than eighty of his sculptures, but the whereabouts of fewer than half now are known. Currently Bolling’s work can be found at Yale University, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Valentine Richmond History Center. In 2006 the Library of Virginia installed an exhibition of his work. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Harmon Foundation, Collection H, National Archives and Records Administration. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leslie Garland Bolling Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource A self-taught wood carver, Leslie Garland Bolling achieved national recognition for his wooden sculptures of African Americans at work or leisure. Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/215d1a1f5b776a59e27befbd38636842.jpg 2a4be32f24e1aea69b773626732c8b3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1886 Birthplace Williamsburg Death Date 1979 Occupation Educator and Civic Leader Biographical Text Clara Olivia Byrd Baker (June 22, 1886-October 20, 1979) was a motivated educator who took pride in encouraging her students to go on to professional careers. Her first teaching assignment was a one-room school in James City County in 1902. In 1920 she began teaching at a public training school for African American children. Ultimately she was assigned to Bruton Heights School, where she stayed until her retirement in 1952. While teaching, she continued her own education at Hampton Institute and at Virginia State College for Negroes (later Virginia State University), where she received a B.S. in education. Baker was the mother of four children and a leader in the black community of Williamsburg. She promoted interracial cooperation and advocated women’s involvement in public affairs. Baker was one of the first women in Williamsburg to register to vote in 1920. Her wide-ranging memberships included church, teaching, children’s, and women’s organizations. At a 1967 tribute gathering for her in Williamsburg, the superintendent of schools declared that he could not remember any worthwhile communitywide effort in which Baker had not participated. For her work, Baker won numerous honors from local and regional organizations. In 1967 Baker moved to Virginia Beach, where she continued her extensive civic volunteering until her death. The Williamsburg–James City County School System opened the Clara Byrd Baker Elementary School in September 1989. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clara Olivia Byrd Baker Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource A teacher for more than thirty years, Clara Baker was also an advocate for women's rights. Community Leadership and Philanthropy Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/6e8d28f9bc9899def6098d8aa07b4aa8.jpg 84e6615e96c49facd96295a8ce6d1d95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1905 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1995 Occupation Dancer Biographical Text Nationally famous tap dancer Pleasants Roper "Snowball" Crump (September 1, 1905–August 1, 1995) was born and raised in Richmond. While a student, he observed the young men who danced in Jackson Ward, the center of Richmond’s African American community. A self-taught dancer, Crump performed as the "Dancing Busboy" in local black nightclubs. He offered tap-dancing lessons at community centers and entertained at the city's white clubs. By 1926 he had obtained engagements as far away as New York. Crump went to New York City early in the 1930s to study with Richmond-born dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson. They danced together at prominent New York hotels and nightclubs. Skilled at clog, buck and wing, and fancy tap techniques, Crump displayed a distinctive flashing, energetic, and bold dancing style. In 1938 he won first place on the Major Bowes Amateur Hour. As a result he joined Bowes’s Rodeo Rhythm Revue, a vaudeville road show that toured the nation. Crump later asserted that he was the first black entertainer to tour with the troupe. About 1940 Crump returned to Richmond. During World War II he toured with United Service Organizations troupes. Crump’s travels took him throughout the United States and also to other countries. Crump was among the first African Americans to appear on such early television programs as The Bob Hope Show, The Ed Sullivan Show, and What’s My Line? Crump worked as a clerk for the Internal Revenue Service until he retired in 1960. In the years that followed he had several part-time jobs, but he kept performing well into his eighties. For more than forty years he danced to "Tea for Two" and "Sweet Georgia Brown" on top of the dugout at Richmond’s minor-league baseball fields, including the inaugural game at the Diamond in 1985. Known as the unofficial mayor of Southside Richmond, Crump was highly regarded for his community work at churches, schools, and nursing homes and also for tutoring aspiring dancers. In 1991 the Retired Senior Volunteer Program of the United Way presented him with an award for service at the South Richmond Senior Center. He died at his home in Richmond in 1995 and was cremated. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of The Valentine, Richmond Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pleasants Crump Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource A self-taught dancer, Pleasants "Snowball" Crump performed for national and international audiences. Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/d0a5369a142548fc893c74c4abc58baf.jpg 0d246b148f025946a08f1aa6c21dd65d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1906 Birthplace Norfolk Death Date 1974 Occupation Educator and Civil Rights Advocate Biographical Text A plaintiff in a case challenging the disparate pay of African American and white teachers in Norfolk, Aline Elizabeth Black (March 23, 1906–August 22, 1974) was born in Norfolk and began working in the local school system as a science instructor in 1924. She attended Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute (later Virginia State University) while teaching and continued her education at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where she received an M.S. in 1935. As an African American, Black received a substantially smaller salary than a comparably qualified white teacher. When the Norfolk Teachers Association and the Virginia State Teachers Association, together with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, decided to challenge the double standard as a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Black volunteered to be the plaintiff in the suit. Filed in the state circuit court in Norfolk in March 1939, the case was dismissed by the local court, and Black’s attorneys, among whom was Thurgood Marshall, filed an appeal. In June 1939 Black lost her teaching contract in retaliation for her suit against the school system. The Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals then denied the appeal on the grounds that Black was no longer an employee. Another Norfolk teacher, Melvin O. Alston, took Black’s place as plaintiff, and a new suit was filed. In November 1940 the Supreme Court of the United States upheld an appellate court’s ruling that teacher salaries fell under the protection of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Norfolk School Board then promised to raise the salaries of black teachers. In 1941 the Norfolk school board rehired Black and she resumed teaching science at Booker T. Washington High School. She remained there until 1970, when she became an instructional development specialist at Jacox Junior High School, retiring in 1973. She had married Frank A. Hicks during World War II, and they had one daughter. Black died in 1974 in Norfolk, where she was buried at Calvary Cemetery. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aline Black Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource Aline Black was a plaintiff in a case challenging the disparate pay of African American and white teachers in Norfolk. Civil Rights and Reform Education Government and Law https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/47d9ff479713ba01321d4d9c0841d4b5.jpg be13663767689ab9ba93761f8c398d4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1888 Birthplace Pulaski County Death Date 1952 Occupation Physician and Civil Rights Advocate Biographical Text Percy Casino Corbin (June 2, 1888–July 6, 1952) was born and raised in Athens, Texas, and received an M.D. in 1911 from the Leonard School of Medicine at Shaw University, in North Carolina. In 1913 he opened a medical practice in the town of Pulaski. His patients came from the black community, but over time his practice also attracted white clients. By 1921 he had organized the Pulaski Mutual Savings Society. In 1923, as partner in the Graham, Corbin and Lewis Concrete Block Manufacturing Company, Corbin erected the three-story Corbin Building. After the town’s Calfee Training School burned in 1938, Corbin enlisted the help of the school’s principal and representatives from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People to petition the school board for a new facility and for equal pay for African American teachers. His letter to the local Southwest Times generated support from the white public and from local civic groups. The school board agreed to fund an elementary school but decided to transport black high school students to a school in Montgomery County. When Corbin’s youngest son was preparing to enter high school, Corbin decided to send him to Montgomery County. When he discovered that his son would not be able to use the library or participate in after-school activities because of the bus schedule, Corbin again sought legal assistance from the NAACP. Attorneys Oliver W. Hill, Martin A. Martin, and Spottswood William Robinson III filed suit in the United States District Court in Roanoke in December 1947, alleging that the school arrangement violated the Fourteenth Amendment. In Corbin et al. v. County School Board of Pulaski County, Virginia, et al. (1949), Judge Alfred Dickinson Barksdale ruled in the school board’s favor. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the lower court’s decision. Corbin's victory was one of only six successful lawsuits supported by the NAACP in its legal campaign to equalize school facilities before Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Corbin died in 1952 in Detroit, Michigan, while visiting two of his sons and was buried in Pinehurst Cemetery in Pulaski. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2008" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2008</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Shelley Corbin. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Percy Casino Corbin Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 African American Trailblazers Honoree Description An account of the resource Civil rights leader Percy Casino Corbin strove to bring equality to the school system in Pulaski, Virginia. Civil Rights and Reform Government and Law Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/f1951a0806a1866f7962d1a329785777.jpg da65d990fdeacfa15f400e8e504f3e52 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1899 Birthplace Lynchburg Death Date 1971 Occupation Physician and Tennis Coach Biographical Text Following a college career playing football at Pennsylvania's Lincoln University as a Negro All-American, Robert Walter "Whirlwind" Johnson (April 16, 1899-June 28, 1971) coached football for four seasons in Virginia and Texas before entering Meharry Medical College, in Nashville, Tennessee. After completing his studies, Johnson established a medical practice in Lynchburg, where he became the first African American to receive obstetrical privileges at Lynchburg General Hospital. His perseverance and advocacy opened the door for other minorities following in his footsteps. In Lynchburg, Johnson discovered and fell in love with tennis. Because he came to the sport too late to establish himself as a top singles athlete, he instead dedicated himself to doubles play and to discovering and coaching younger talent. Johnson formed the Junior Development Program of the American Tennis Association, a program through which he invited dozens of young African American tennis players to learn and train at his personal courts. Through this program Johnson discovered and mentored several successful professional tennis players, most notably Althea Gibson and Arthur Ashe, the first two African American Grand Slam champions. In 1972 the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame inducted Johnson. He was also inducted into the Mid-Atlantic Tennis Hall of Fame in 1988 and the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2009. Johnson's personal accolades included being named an NAACP Life Membership chairman and a recipient of the Spiro T. Agnew Honorary Citizenship Award. The Dr. Robert Walter Johnson Home and Tennis Court were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. Nominated by Leo Goldman IV, in Susan Bayne’s kindergarten class (2009–2010), J. G. Hening Elementary School, Richmond. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/trailblazers-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> African American Trailblazers honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Robert W. Johnson III. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Walter Johnson Subject The topic of the resource African American Trailblazers Description An account of the resource Robert Walter Johnson was a driving force behind the integration of the sport of tennis. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 African American Trailblazers Honoree Science and Medicine Sports and Media