2 10 43 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/9078d39256d7c3db1567dcdf2f3fa346.jpg a9273f4b4bb1a8116cdb3b5832d6582d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1883 Birthplace Fairfax County Death Date 1977 Occupation Basketball Pioneer and Civil Rights Activist Biographical Text Edwin Bancroft Henderson (November 24, 1883–February 3, 1977) earned his teaching certification from Miner Normal School (later the University of the District of Columbia). He furthered his studies at Howard University, Columbia University, and Harvard University, where he learned to play basketball while studying physical education. In 1907, he created a league for African-American basketball teams in Washington, D.C. Henderson pioneered physical education programs in Washington’s segregated public schools. He improved local sports facilities, organized the first track meets for African-American high schools and colleges, and created athletic associations to foster a culture of athletic competition in the black community. To raise awareness of talented African-American athletes, he published The Negro in Sports (1939; rev. ed. 1949). Henderson lived in Fairfax County, where in 1915 he organized the Falls Church branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, its first rural chapter. He fought racial discrimination in local housing and law enforcement practices; battled segregation in transportation, schools, and other public facilities; and encouraged voter registration. During the 1950s, Henderson served as president of the NAACP Virginia state conference. While making basketball courts his classroom and NAACP work his vantage point for civil rights advocacy, Henderson was met with threatening letters and telephone calls, cross-burnings, and Ku Klux Klan visits. Throughout his life, thousands of Henderson’s letters to the editor on civil rights issues were published in the Washington Post. Remembered as the “Father of Black Basketball,” Henderson was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2013. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Edwin B. Henderson II. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edwin Bancroft Henderson Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Educator, activist, and basketball pioneer Edwin B. Henderson dedicated his life to serving the African-American community through sports in education and fighting racial discrimination. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/b458d5fc3d7d4a054b359e6313ddb74c.jpg bcde76a6b3da25a7a0bd3d88ab7ac13c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1931 Birthplace New Kent County Death Date 2011 Occupation Civil Rights Activist and Educator Biographical Text Calvin Coolidge Green (July 19, 1931–February 10, 2011) received a bachelor’s degree in biology from Virginia State College (later Virginia State University) in 1956 and a master’s degree from the Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina (later North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University) in 1965. He taught high school biology and chemistry in Richmond for more than 30 years. He also earned degrees in theology and pastoral counseling, and served as pastor to churches in the Richmond area and surrounding counties. Green served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War, was promoted to colonel in the Army Medical Service Corps, and also served in the Army Reserve Chaplain Corps. Ten years after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education outlawing school segregation, Virginia continued to defy court orders to desegregate. As president of the New Kent County branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Green determined to force the issue where he lived and his three sons attended school. In 1965, he filed suit (in his youngest son’s name) against New Kent County, which implemented a “freedom of choice” plan that required African-American students to petition the school board for permission to switch to the school for white students. The Supreme Court ruled in 1968 that the county’s dual system was unconstitutional and that the school board had to devise a realistic plan to desegregate immediately. The decision in Charles C. Green et al. v. County School Board of New Kent County effectively forced the integration of schools in Virginia and nationwide. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Green Family. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Calvin Coolidge Green Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource A schoolteacher and military veteran, Calvin C. Green filed a lawsuit in 1965 to compel New Kent County to desegregate its public schools. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/378239e941df308aa7403aca73b34713.jpg a272623b34a484d308b9da7c8edcadfb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birthplace Danville Occupation Singer Biographical Text Camilla Ella Williams (born October 18, 1919) graduated from Virginia State College in 1941 with a degree in music and, after teaching third grade in Danville for a year, moved to Philadelphia to study voice. With Geraldine Farrar, a world-renowned soprano, as her mentor, Williams became the first African American contract singer with the New York City Opera. She received critical acclaim for her debut on May 15, 1946, singing the title role in Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly, and won the Page One Award, given by the New York Newspaper Guild for outstanding performance. In April 1954 Williams became the first black artist to sing a major role with the Vienna State Opera. She was also an accomplished recitalist and a respected interpreter of lieder, art songs arranged for solo singer and piano accompanist. She sang the role of Bess in the first full length recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, made by Columbia Records in 1951. Williams visited Africa, the Far East, and Israel as a cultural ambassador for the U.S. State Department. In 1963 she performed in Danville to raise funds to free jailed civil rights demonstrators. She sang at the 1963 March on Washington, D.C., and for Martin Luther King Jr. when he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Williams retired from opera in 1970 and began teaching voice at Bronx College, Brooklyn College, and Queens College, all in New York City. In 1977 she became the first African American professor of voice at Indiana University. Williams was one of thirty-five Virginians honored by the governor in 1972 for outstanding national achievement in the arts and humanities. In 1979 the City of Danville dedicated Camilla Williams Park. She retired from teaching in 1997 and lives in Bloomington, Indiana. UPDATE: Camilla Ella Williams died on January 29, 2012. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Bryant Label Birth Date 1919 Death Date 2012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camilla Ella Williams Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource An acclaimed lyric soprano and the first African American to receive a contract from a major American opera company, Camilla Ella Williams was a pioneer for black artists in classical music. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/8c1596fc16fae30f4aaa1d40e23ca01f.jpg 69d385b8288434ed366825ee66665850 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1890 Birthplace Bath County Death Date 1981 Occupation Artist and Patron of the Arts Biographical Text Christine Herter Kendall (August 25, 1890–June 22, 1981) was born into a musical and artistic family that regularly hosted evenings of chamber music and Sunday afternoon organ concerts in their New York City home. She studied art in New York and Paris before enrolling at Yale University where she earned a BA in 1915. She received the National Arts Club's John G. Agar Prize for one of her paintings in 1922. At Yale she studied with portraitist William Sergeant Kendall, whom she married. The couple moved to Bath County, Virginia, purchased a 114-acre estate, and built their home, Garth Newel, where they hosted small concerts, and continued to paint and exhibit their work. After her husband's death in 1938, Kendall remained active in the local arts community. She cofounded the Bath County Regional Art Show in 1964. In 1973 Kendall and members of the Rowe String Quartet established the Garth Newel Music Center for the study and performance of chamber music. She bequeathed her home to the music center, which provides the only residential program in Virginia for the study and performance of chamber music. Today, the Garth Newel Music Center offers more than sixty concerts a year as well as an annual Virginia Blues and Jazz Festival. It is also the home of the Allegheny Mountain String Project, a music education program, and the Young Artists Fellowship Program, an intensive four-week chamber music study and performance experience for string players and pianists. Nominated by Lee Elliott and Michael Wildasin, Garth Newel Music Center, Warm Springs. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Garth Newel Music Center Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Christine Herter Kendall Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource An accomplished artist and musician, Christine Herter Kendall cofounded the Garth Newel Music Center in Bath County. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/fa8c02fc3945c7346c98940fb2b5736e.jpg 0d2c9e124ea3aa940fc7169fc029a6d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1937 Birthplace Farmville Occupation Civil Rights Pioneer Biographical Text In the spring of 1951, Edwilda Allen was a thirteen-year-old eighth-grade student at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville. Conditions at the all-black school were abysmal, with inadequate facilities, outdated textbooks, and severe overcrowding that left many students attending classes in makeshift tar-paper shacks. On April 23, 1951, student Barbara Johns led a walkout of 400 students to protest the school's unequal facilities. Allen, one of the student leaders recruited by Johns, organized her eighth-grade classmates for the walkout. As a result of Allen's leadership role, her mother lost her state teaching license and was forced to find work in North Carolina. The walkout led to a lawsuit against Prince Edward County that became one of five cases incorporated into the landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1954. After graduating from high school in 1955, Allen attended Wisconsin’s Alverno College, where she again blazed a trail as one of its few African American students. She taught music, married and raised a family, and eventually returned to Farmville. She became involved with the Martha E. Forrester Council of Women, which helped spur the purchase of the Moton School from the county for designation as a National Historic Landmark and to establish the Robert Russa Moton Museum. In the decades since that fateful day in 1951, Edwilda Allen Isaac has educated and inspired students with her story of uncommon courage in fighting for the rights of African Americans. UPDATE: Edwilda Isaac died on January 21, 2022. Nominated by Pamela Rockenbach Plahs on behalf her seventh-grade social studies students Madison Hofmann and Logan Gill, Swift Creek Middle School, Chesterfield County. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2016</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Photograph in 1955 R.R. Moton High School Yearbook, Library of Virginia. Death Date 2022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Edwilda Gustava Allen Isaac Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource As a teenager, Edwilda Allen Isaac helped lead a walkout of students from R. R. Moton High School that contributed to ending school segregation in the United States. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Virginia Women in History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Community Leadership and Philanthropy Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/539d60abda553b641da092d2893928d0.jpg 4a02905eb4d99d56cd240f4b876b5f1f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1942 Birthplace Charlottesville Occupation Civil Rights Pioneer Biographical Text In 1958 Olivia Ferguson McQueen, a sixteen-year-old rising senior at the all-black Jackson P. Burley High School, led a group of students in challenging school segregation in Charlottesville. After a federal district court judge ruled in the students’ favor, the governor closed the all-white Lane High School, where McQueen was to attend, rather than integrate. In January 1959, state and federal courts simultaneously ruled that closing the schools violated Virginia’s constitution. After failing to force McQueen to complete the school year at Burley, the city’s school board provided tutors in its office for her and other plaintiffs in the suit. Despite encouragement from teachers and activists, her senior year was difficult because she was isolated from her peers and did not get to enjoy the many activities available to her counterparts. While McQueen watched her friends from Burley High receive their diplomas in June 1959, she had no ceremony and received only a makeshift certificate indicating the classes she had completed. She persevered, however, and in 1963 earned a bachelor’s degree in childhood education from Hampton Institute (now Hampton University). She later earned a master’s degree in education from Trinity College, in Washington, D.C. After spending her career as an educator outside Virginia, McQueen received her official high school diploma from the Charlottesville Public Schools on May 25, 2013. Decades after her challenge of segregation and personal sacrifice, she became a symbol of resilience and hope for the cause of equal access to education for all children. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Olivia Ferguson McQueen. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olivia Ferguson McQueen Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Civil rights pioneer Olivia Ferguson McQueen successfully challenged school segregation in 1959, but did not receive her diploma for another fifty-four years. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/5539522ad12546ffe4cfcf22c6dd26ff.jpg be3777c79c1d630efea954df53fdf721 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1929 Birthplace Petersburg Occupation Civil Rights Actvisit Biographical Text Wyatt Tee Walker (August 16, 1929-January 23, 2018) graduated from Virginia Union University in Richmond in 1950 and from its Graduate School of Religion in 1953. From 1953 to 1960 he was pastor of Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, where he became president of the local branch of the NAACP and was arrested for trying to borrow a book about Robert E. Lee from the Petersburg Public Library. Walker served as the first full-time executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from 1960 to 1964. He played a major role in the Civil Rights movement and worked closely with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Walker was arrested during a Freedom Riders protest in Birmingham in 1961 and helped organize the 1963 march on Washington. In 1966 Walker became pastor of Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, in Harlem, New York City. During the 1970s he advised the governor on urban affairs. In 1978 Walker organized the International Freedom Mobilization to protest apartheid in South Africa and later welcomed Nelson Mandela to his church in New York. Walker also studied African American church music and became a nationally recognized authority on the subject. He published more than a dozen books on religious and musical subjects and later took part in documenting the Civil Rights movement. After suffering a stroke in 2003 and retiring from his ministry, Walker returned to Virginia, where he lives in Chester and remains active in promoting Christian brotherhood. UPDATE: Walker died at his Chesterfield County home on January 23, 2018. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Wyatt T. Walker. Death Date 2018 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wyatt Tee Walker Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource A nationally celebrated Baptist minister, Wyatt Tee Walker was a pioneer in the Civil Rights movement. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Religion https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/5aaa60ff27f240b91740ed97d7104987.jpg 303bf108fe0b261334a26eb18249892f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1923 Birthplace Arlington County Occupation Pharmacist Biographical Text Leonard Muse grew up in Delray Beach, Florida, where he went to school and enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1943. A year later he decided to study pharmacy at Howard University, where he received his degree in 1948, when only about 60 African Americans across the country graduated with pharmaceutical degrees. While working in Washington, D.C., he was surprised to learn about the poor treatment African American patients often received at drugstores in nearby Arlington County, where they were allowed to use only the rear entrance to pick up prescriptions. In order to provide high-quality service to an underserved population, Muse and a fellow Howard graduate opened Green Valley Pharmacy in September 1952. Located in Nauck, a historically African-American community, Green Valley Pharmacy sold general merchandise and offered a lunch counter with a soda fountain. Muse became its sole owner in 1955, and the pharmacy served as a vital community gathering place during a time of racial segregation. After the pharmacy suffered several instances of vandalism, Muse became a mentor to neighborhood youths, hiring them as employees and helping them save money for college. “Doc Muse” is known for his medical advice and generosity, often allowing customers in financial straits to buy their prescriptions on store credit, and he has inspired multiple generations to follow his example and pursue medical careers. Arlington County’s Board of Supervisors acknowledged the significance of Muse’s community leadership when it designated Green Valley Pharmacy an Arlington Historic District in 2013. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5-vgyvhl9k" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Zakia Al-Amin's speech on behalf of her grandfather Leonard Muse, at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. UPDATE: Leonard Muse died on August 20, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Charles Penn. Death Date 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leonard Muse Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource For more than 60 years, pharmacist Leonard Muse has been a community leader in the historically African-American neighborhood of Nauck in Arlington County. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/54cdac77185d2e9690ddca62545e03ae.jpg 2aced293c9ad7873c2d9a2f0e6721cf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1928 Birthplace Alexandria Death Date 2015 Occupation Basketball Pioneer Biographical Text Growing up in a racially segregated neighborhood in Alexandria, Earl Lloyd was a basketball standout at the city’s Parker-Gray High School and became a star at West Virginia State University, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in 1950. That year the National Basketball Association’s Washington Capitols signed Lloyd. On Halloween night, he became the first African-American athlete to play in an NBA game, scoring six points in a loss to the Rochester Royals. A week later he was ordered by the Army to report for duty only 16 days into his professional career. The Capitols folded during his military service and the Syracuse Nationals (later the Philadelphia 76ers) purchased Lloyd’s contract. He returned to the NBA in 1952, where he built a reputation for his tough-as-nails defense and rebounding. Lloyd and a teammate became the first African Americans to win the NBA title when the Nationals captured it in 1955. During the 1957–1958 season he took over the team’s coaching duties when the head coach was ejected from a few games. Lloyd ended his playing career in 1960 with the Detroit Pistons, for whom he was the NBA’s first African-American assistant coach. He became the league’s fourth black head coach in 1971. He later worked as an automotive executive and for the Detroit Board of Education. For his contributions to the sport, Lloyd was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1993 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. UPDATE: Earl Francis Lloyd died on February 26, 2015. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Earl Francis Lloyd. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earl Francis Lloyd Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Earl Lloyd was the first African American to play in the NBA and the league’s first African-American assistant coach. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/55bf89288261f7b429922f16d92e393b.jpg f7e87062d9ce882be3ab9f9b281a6efd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1913 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 2001 Occupation Principal in a 1935 Civil Rights Turning Point Biographical Text In 1934 Richmonder Alice Carlotta Jackson Stuart (June 2, 1913–June 13, 2001) received a bachelor's degree in English from Virginia Union University, where she was a charter member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She then attended Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. In August 1935 Stuart became the first African American on record to apply to a Virginia graduate or professional school when she sought admission to the University of Virginia in order to pursue a master's degree in French, a program not offered at any of the black colleges in the state. The University of Virginia's board of visitors flatly rejected her application, citing Virginia law that required black and white students to attend separate schools and "for other good and sufficient reasons" that the board refused to explain. After the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People threatened legal action, the Virginia General Assembly established a tuition supplement fund to compensate Stuart and other qualified African American students for the difference in cost to attend an out-of-state school. Until Gregory Swanson finally broke the color barrier at the University of Virginia Law School in 1950, the fund enabled thousands of Virginia African American students to continue their professional and graduate education. Stuart used her tuition supplement to study at Columbia University in New York City, where she received a graduate degree in English and comparative literature. She taught for about fifty years at several black colleges, including Howard University, as well as in public schools. She retired in 1983 as a professor of English at Middlesex County College. After Alice Jackson Houston Stuart died in 2001, her son, Julian Towns Houston, a Massachusetts Superior Court justice, presented her papers, including those documenting her courageous action in 1935, to the University of Virginia. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2012" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2012</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of The Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alice Jackson Stuart Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource By applying to the University of Virginia to pursue graduate studies, Alice Jackson challenged Virginia's laws of segregation. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Virginia Women in History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education Government and Law