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                  <text>This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe.  At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.&#13;
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              <text>Born in rural Dinwiddie County, Gladys Mae Brown West graduated first in her high school class, earning her a scholarship to Virginia State College (later Virginia State University), where she earned a bachelor’s degree in mathematics in 1952. After teaching in public schools, she completed a master’s degree from Virginia State in 1955, and the following year began working at the Naval Surface Warfare Center at Dahlgren. She was the second African-American woman hired at the base, among only four African-American employees in total. Admired by her colleagues for her skill in calculating complex mathematical equations, she excelled in programming for computers. West emerged as an integral part of the team that developed the modern Global Positioning System, tirelessly collecting data from orbiting satellites and developing mathematical algorithms for supercomputers to process precise surface elevations. She later became project manager for the radar altimetry data processing project of Seasat, the first satellite designed for remote sensing of the Earth’s oceans, for which she received a commendation. West published numerous papers and made presentations on her work at national and international conferences before retiring in 1998. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout her career West continued her education and in 2000 received a PhD in public administration and policy affairs from Virginia Tech. In 2018 the British Broadcasting Corporation named her to its 100 Women program, which annually honors influential women from around the world. That same year the General Assembly of Virginia passed a joint resolution honoring West for her pioneering career and contributions to technological development.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Gladys West passed away on January 17, 2026.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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&#13;
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Sharifa Alkhateeb (June 6, 1946–October 21, 2004) was born into the only Muslim family in her neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. When confronted with different ways of thinking or living, she saw an opportunity to learn and grow. At the University of Pennsylvania, where she earned a degree in English literature, Alkhateeb joined the Muslim Student Association and began wearing a headscarf. Surrounded by the burgeoning feminist movement of the 1960s, she cultivated her own voice as an activist and leader on behalf of Muslim women. She later earned a master's degree in comparative religion from Norwich University in Vermont.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;After moving to Fairfax County in 1988 she continued her work to create a better understanding of Islamic life and became known as a spokesperson on Muslim women in the United States. She founded the North American Council for Muslim Women and served as president of the Muslim Education Council. Working with Fairfax County Public Schools, she led a successful effort to offer Arabic as a foreign language in some high schools, served as a diversity trainer, and helped produce a monthly television program, &lt;i&gt;Middle Eastern Parenting&lt;/i&gt;. In 2000 Alkhateeb started the Peaceful Families Project, a nationwide effort to research and raise awareness of domestic violence in Muslim communities. She participated in the Community Resilience Project of Northern Virginia to provide crisis counseling following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Shortly before her death from cancer, the Islamic Society of North America honored Alkhateeb with its Community Service Recognition Award.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe.  At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy.&#13;
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&#13;
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              <text>Growing up, Claudia Lane Dodson (August 31, 1941–August 18, 2007) loved to play sports, and she lettered in basketball, field hockey, and lacrosse while earning her degree in physical education at Westhampton College of the University of Richmond in 1963. After completing her master's degree at the University of Tennessee, she chaired the girls' physical education department at a Chesterfield County high school. In 1971 she became programs supervisor for girls' athletics for the Virginia High School League, which then sponsored only one statewide competition for girls. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dedicated to developing opportunities for girls' athletics, Dodson fought the perception that providing opportunities for girls meant decreasing those available for boys. She pushed for every high school to offer two sports for girls during each of three athletic seasons and to offer regional and state finals in all of them. The number of girls playing high school sports in Virginia increased from about 8,100 in 1972 to more than 30,000 in 1982. At the time of her retirement in 2002, the VHSL offered 31 state championships for girls. Dodson was one of the first two women appointed to the National Basketball Committee of the United States and Canada. In 1996 she helped found WinS (Women in Sports) to support and recognize female athletes in the Charlottesville area. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association honored her contributions to high school sports with its Distinguished Service Award in 1996. The VHSL renamed its Sportsmanship, Ethics, and Integrity Award in Dodson's honor in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2019" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;2019&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>Born in Damascus and Aleppo, they fled the war in Syria after their home and Ahmed's tailoring business were destroyed in 2012. They spent three years in Egypt before they and their four children were resettled in the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Watch excerpts from Ahmed and Dareen's interview about:&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/XLCkflSGCzw" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Challenges&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(1:21)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/KRbq7EdgYHU" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Challenges&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(1:31)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/U8FJiQ-m_iM" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Opportunity&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(1:16)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/dAYD6JP7SUQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Challenges&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(0:47)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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              <text>Kidnapped from his village at the age of seven, he was enslaved for four years, eventually escaped, and made his way to Egypt. Resettled in Richmond, he attended Virginia Commonwealth University and was inspired by stories of the founding of the United States. He is currently running for president of South Sudan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Watch excerpts from Bol's interview about:&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtu.be/tkeyFGjSWJA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"&gt;Challenges&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(1:06)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
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