15 10 378 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/f847f4790f25fb668722cfe5bf957aba.pdf 9020362430a235a3a6197db8e40cf414 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2009 Virginia Women in History Poster https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/377baf27c850868b451e69aee7f1c8c2.pdf a25b7c2127c6f492a3f97b615ae0307d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2008 Virginia Women in History Poster https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/cd317a1ace759c57974601d40df4b0da.pdf b5b42b30bc7efdb9bec58cb08fbdaa66 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2006 Virginia Women in History Poster https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/046e464efea720c777213044c457284c.jpg bccb9ce2da6c6cb04fa1167552af3da4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1942 Birthplace Hampton Occupation Engineer Biographical Text Growing up in North Carolina, Christine Mann Darden (b. 1942) was inspired by a high school geometry teacher to study mathematics. She graduated with a BS from Hampton Institute (later Hampton University) in 1962, and taught math at high schools in Lawrenceville and Portsmouth while also earning an MS in applied mathematics at Virginia State College (later Virginia State University). After graduating in 1967, Darden joined the "computer pool" at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) facility at Langley Research Center, in Hampton. Darden spent six years as a data analyst before she successfully argued for a promotion to aerospace engineer in 1973. Assigned to a sonic boom research working group, she developed an innovative computer code to produce low-boom sonic effects during supersonic flight. Darden studied mechanical engineering at George Washington University while working and raising three daughters, and earned her DSc in 1983. Six years later she was named technical leader of the group responsible for developing NASA's sonic boom research program. Appointed director of the Aerospace Performing Center at Langley in 1999, Darden oversaw research programs in air traffic management and other aeronautics programs. She served as a consultant for government and private projects and wrote numerous publications related to her research. Darden retired from NASA in 2007, having spent her final years as director of Langley's Office of Strategic Communications and Education. Darden's achievements have been recognized with awards from NASA, and in 1988 U.S. Black Engineer and Technology magazine honored her as one of its Black Engineers of the Year. She was also featured in Margot Lee Shetterly's bestselling book, Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race (2016). <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2002</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of NASA. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Christine Mann Darden Description An account of the resource As a mathematician and aerospace engineer at NASA for forty years, Christine Mann Darden was a leader in researching supersonic flight and sonic booms. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Virginia Women in History Honoree Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/1c9d9c6e3b60b37a36464836328f4e90.jpg 5721e38bd2c09ca8870edbfef20f6399 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colonization and Settlement Description An account of the resource The colonial era in American history is essential in setting the framework for all the eras to follow. Nearly two centuries of colonization on the continent and in the Caribbean provide three distinct groups to study – indigenous peoples, Africans brought to the colonies and Europeans, both the colonial powers and the generations born on American soil. The varying reasons for departure from Europe set the stage for how different colonies came into being, and interacted with each other. Violent conflicts, importation of disease and dispossession of native lands were all results of Europeans’ interactions with the indigenous populations. The importation of slaves also led to an economic structure in some colonies that became, in their minds, reliant on the continued existence of slave labor. The role of religion is extremely important during this time period. It was a defining characteristic of some colonies, as opposed to the economic reasons others were established. Ideas of religious freedom, denominationalism and the Great Awakening all impacted daily life in the colonies. Government structure and political life had distinct characteristics in New England, the mid-Atlantic, and the South differed in the ways they groped their way toward mature political institutions. Religion and politics were often influenced by the European nation who colonized the area – French, Spanish, Dutch or English. Economics were affected by geographic location and the local natural resources, adding to regional differences, and sometimes, division. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1607-1763 Person An individual. Birth Date Circa 1601 Birthplace Stafford County Death Date 1671 Occupation Planter Biographical Text A member of an English Catholic family, Margaret Brent (ca. 1601–by 19 May 1671) arrived in Maryland in 1638 with her sister and two brothers. They secured land grants and became influential residents of the new colony. Margaret Brent acquired land in her own right and often lent money to male planters. She also appeared in the local courts as an attorney-in-fact on behalf of her siblings and other colonists. She and Leonard Calvert, the colony's governor, served as guardians of Mary Kittamaquund, the daughter of the Piscataway chief who had been sent to the colonists for an education. When Calvert died in 1647, Brent was named executor of his estate and acted to resolve financial and administrative issues in the colony. While holding his power of attorney, she unsuccessfully requested that she be granted the right to vote in the Maryland assembly. With the Protestants in power in England and experiencing conflicts with Maryland's proprietor over Calvert's estate, Margaret Brent and her family moved to Virginia about 1650. She lived with her brother and sister near Aquia, in the part of Northumberland County that in 1653 became Westmoreland County and in 1664 Stafford County. Brent continued to acquire thousands of acres, including the land where the city of Alexandria and part of Fredericksburg are located, and she paid for the transport of more than thirty immigrants to Virginia. Despite the colony's anti-Catholic laws, the Brents were not actively persecuted for their religion and provided a refuge for other Catholic settlers in Virginia. Margaret Brent spent the remainder of her life at her plantation known as Peace. In 2003 Stafford County's school board named a new elementary school in her honor. Bibliography Image Courtesy of University of Mary Washington Division of Teaching and Learning Technologies Flickr Account. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Margaret Brent Description An account of the resource A prominent Catholic in the Maryland colony, Margaret Brent later settled in Virginia where she and her siblings acquired extensive property and provided a refuge for Catholic colonists. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Business and Entrepreneurship https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/05fadd9808e8c70b9ec5dd78f8cdb039.pdf 96c6e712c38c0d7d8da21c8d49ed3f5d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2007 Virginia Women in History Poster https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/378239e941df308aa7403aca73b34713.jpg a272623b34a484d308b9da7c8edcadfb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birthplace Danville Occupation Singer Biographical Text Camilla Ella Williams (born October 18, 1919) graduated from Virginia State College in 1941 with a degree in music and, after teaching third grade in Danville for a year, moved to Philadelphia to study voice. With Geraldine Farrar, a world-renowned soprano, as her mentor, Williams became the first African American contract singer with the New York City Opera. She received critical acclaim for her debut on May 15, 1946, singing the title role in Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly, and won the Page One Award, given by the New York Newspaper Guild for outstanding performance. In April 1954 Williams became the first black artist to sing a major role with the Vienna State Opera. She was also an accomplished recitalist and a respected interpreter of lieder, art songs arranged for solo singer and piano accompanist. She sang the role of Bess in the first full length recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, made by Columbia Records in 1951. Williams visited Africa, the Far East, and Israel as a cultural ambassador for the U.S. State Department. In 1963 she performed in Danville to raise funds to free jailed civil rights demonstrators. She sang at the 1963 March on Washington, D.C., and for Martin Luther King Jr. when he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. Williams retired from opera in 1970 and began teaching voice at Bronx College, Brooklyn College, and Queens College, all in New York City. In 1977 she became the first African American professor of voice at Indiana University. Williams was one of thirty-five Virginians honored by the governor in 1972 for outstanding national achievement in the arts and humanities. In 1979 the City of Danville dedicated Camilla Williams Park. She retired from teaching in 1997 and lives in Bloomington, Indiana. UPDATE: Camilla Ella Williams died on January 29, 2012. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Bryant Label Birth Date 1919 Death Date 2012 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Camilla Ella Williams Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource An acclaimed lyric soprano and the first African American to receive a contract from a major American opera company, Camilla Ella Williams was a pioneer for black artists in classical music. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/e5f837e52c7ed1def14807df9c84baf7.jpg f29d271ff78ab0c68ff0abe90dd29f46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1965 Birthplace Hampton Occupation Astronaut Biographical Text Born in Hampton, Robert Lee Satcher Jr. earned a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993 and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1994. His medical specialties are orthopedics and oncology, and he has done much work in treating adult and child bone cancer. With extensive experience researching, teaching, and practicing throughout the United States, he has embarked on mission trips to many foreign countries, including Gabon, Nicaragua, Nigeria, and Venezuela. Selected as an astronaut candidate by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in 2004, he completed his training two years later. Aboard the space shuttle Atlantis that journeyed to the International Space Station for almost eleven days in November 2009, Satcher became the first orthopedic surgeon to fly into space. Classified as a mission specialist, he studied the influence of zero gravity on muscles and bone density, as well as the effects of space on the immune system. He also used his surgical training to install an antenna and help repair two robotic arms on the space station. Satcher spent more than 259 hours in space, trekked 4.5 million miles in 171 orbits above the Earth, and took two separate spacewalks outside the shuttle craft. He left NASA in 2011 and is a surgical oncologist at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of NASA. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert L. Satcher Jr. Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource The first orthopedic surgeon to fly into space, Robert L. Satcher's mission aboard the space shuttle Atlantis included spacewalks to repair robotic arms on the International Space Station. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/b567506dc5de57c5e0565d49087616eb.jpg f42a718fdb11f8a38138c83265988dde Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1968 Birthplace Hanover County Occupation Educator Biographical Text In 2011 Jamelle Smith Wilson became the 12th superintendent of schools for Hanover County Public Schools, a district that currently serves almost 20,000 students. She began her career as a high school English teacher and since that time has been a curriculum specialist, assistant principal, and principal. She was assistant superintendent for Instructional Leadership in Hanover from 2003 to 2011. A native of Spotsylvania, Wilson was the first in her family to attend a four-year university. She has been an educator since earning her master’s degree in teaching from the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia in 1991. She later earned a master’s in English from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1998 and a doctorate in education from the University of Virginia in 2002. She has dedicated her career to ensuring that all her students—particularly the underserved and underrepresented—are exposed to meaningful educational opportunities. During her tenure, the Hanover school system has maintained its reputation for excellence by exceeding core subject and graduation benchmarks for full accreditation based on the Virginia Department of Education’s Standards of Learning test results. Wilson is a passionate supporter of the community development work of the Greater Richmond YMCA and chairs its board. She also serves on the board of governors for the International Baccalaureate, an advanced educational curriculum offered at Hanover County’s high schools that aspires to create a better and more peaceful world through intercultural understanding and respect. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="http://youtu.be/9_pjphXIECw" title="Wilson's 2015 speech" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Dr. Jamelle Wilson's speech at the 2015 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 4, 2015. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Jamelle Smith Wilson. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jamelle Smith Wilson Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Jamelle Smith Wilson is the first woman and first African American to lead the Hanover County Public School Division. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/458f8952871d4d7626a6bd8531172c70.jpg bc92f9463066fa000a09b2de508450db Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1890 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1946 Occupation Business Executive Biographical Text A prominent business executive herself, John-Geline MacDonald Bowman (March 30, 1890–April 14, 1946) helped establish business and professional organizations for Virginia women. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia. After the death of her father, she and her mother moved to Richmond. In 1913 she married a Richmond businessman, Jacob Killian Bowman. Educated at the Academy of the Holy Cross, in Washington, D.C., she helped found the Virginia Bureau of Vocations for Women in 1914 and was a founder of the Business Women's Club of Richmond. In 1923, the year before she gave birth to twins, Bowman purchased the Expert Letter Writing Company, which produced advertising products to attract female customers to banks and other businesses. She owned and managed the company for the rest of her life and made it one of the largest such companies in the South. In 1919 Bowman was a founding member and from 1920 to 1923 president of the Virginia Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, and she served as president of the Richmond affiliate from 1926 to 1928. In 1931 and 1933 she was elected president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. During the Great Depression she used her position as federation president to oppose a plan to restrict employment of married women by the federal government. Bowman was also a member of the Southern Woman's Educational Alliance and supported increased opportunities for young women to obtain advanced education at William and Mary and other public colleges and universities. A talented public speaker, she took part during both World Wars in campaigns to sell war bonds, and during the 1930s she campaigned for the Democratic Party. Her daughter, Geline Bowman Williams, served as mayor of Richmond from 1988 to 1990. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2006" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2006</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John-Geline MacDonald Bowman Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource John-Geline MacDonald Bowman helped establish business and professional organizations for Virginia women and served as president of the National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Virginia Women in History Honoree Business and Entrepreneurship