18 10 378 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/551b75605b6e2c3b5f158e74faccaf36.jpg 5ad062c3a869aaca9737c3409bf25de9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1882 Birthplace Lynchburg Death Date 1975 Occupation Poet Biographical Text Poet Anne Spencer (February 6, 1882–July 27, 1975) was born Annie Bethel Bannister in Henry County, and after her parents separated she grew up as Annie Scales (her mother's maiden name) in Mercer County, West Virginia. She graduated from Virginia Seminary (later Virginia University of Lynchburg) in 1899 and married fellow student Edward Spencer in 1901. They settled in Lynchburg, where they built a house and raised three children. Spencer fought racial discrimination and in 1913 helped establish a Lynchburg branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. A visiting NAACP field agent read Spencer's poetry and urged her to publish. Her first known poem appeared in The Crisis under the name Anne Spencer. Her work, most notably associated with the Harlem Renaissance, was well received and has appeared in numerous anthologies, earning Spencer recognition as an acclaimed American poet. She also influenced many of the African American writers and artists—among them W.E.B. Du Bois, Langston Hughes, and Paul Robeson—who stayed with the Spencers while traveling because few Virginia hotels were open to African Americans. In 1924 Spencer became the librarian at Lynchburg's only branch open to African Americans, which was located at the segregated Dunbar High School. She built its collection, sometimes with her own books, and shaped the reading habits of a generation of students until her retirement in 1945. She gradually withdrew from public life, although she continued to write. In 1976 her house was placed on the Virginia Landmarks Register. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2016</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=B3gZXxAGhZk&feature=youtu.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Shaun Spencer-Hestor's speech on behalf of her late grandmother, Anne B. Spencer, at the 2016 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2016. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Dunbar High School. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anne B. Spencer Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Harlem Renaissance poet Anne B. Spencer was also an advocate for the civil rights of African Americans. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ce4c33421a917c3df2bdd53d3ac3194d.jpg 537b16dfe38602594d1c5c38595eb53d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1941 Birthplace Richmond Occupation President of Virginia Union University Biographical Text Claude G. Perkins understood the value of education early in life. He earned a B.S. from Mississippi Vocational College (later Mississippi Valley State University), an M.A. from Purdue University, and a Ph.D. from Ohio University. He began his distinguished career in education with the school system of Clark County, Nevada, where he oversaw its desegregation program and became its first African American school superintendent. He first came to Virginia as an assistant superintendent for secondary education with the Richmond City Public Schools and later oversaw all of the city's schools and operations. Moving to the academic ranks, Perkins was an education professor and founding director of the Center for Educational Leadership at Clarion University of Pennsylvania. He later sat as graduate dean and associate vice president for academic affairs at Albany State University in Georgia. Perkins came out of retirement in 2009 to become the 12th president of Virginia Union University. Building on his impressive record of academic leadership he has focused on making student achievement the university's top priority and has worked to expand scholarship opportunities, hire new faculty, and develop new academic programs. During his tenure the endowment has increased nearly 50 percent and campus facilities have been improved. Reflecting his personal community involvement, VUU student volunteerism in the Richmond area has grown to record levels and been recognized nationally. Despite the challenges faced during his tenure, Perkins's efforts have garnered national rankings for the university and set Virginia Union on the path to long-term success. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2016" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2016</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://youtu.be/yUiBQLU9rIE" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Claude Perkins's speech at the 2016 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2016. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Virginia Union University. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Claude Grandford Perkins Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Appointed the 12th president of Virginia Union University in 2009, Claude Grandford Perkins has worked tirelessly to expand the school's horizons and preserve its future. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/5aaa60ff27f240b91740ed97d7104987.jpg 303bf108fe0b261334a26eb18249892f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1923 Birthplace Arlington County Occupation Pharmacist Biographical Text Leonard Muse grew up in Delray Beach, Florida, where he went to school and enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1943. A year later he decided to study pharmacy at Howard University, where he received his degree in 1948, when only about 60 African Americans across the country graduated with pharmaceutical degrees. While working in Washington, D.C., he was surprised to learn about the poor treatment African American patients often received at drugstores in nearby Arlington County, where they were allowed to use only the rear entrance to pick up prescriptions. In order to provide high-quality service to an underserved population, Muse and a fellow Howard graduate opened Green Valley Pharmacy in September 1952. Located in Nauck, a historically African-American community, Green Valley Pharmacy sold general merchandise and offered a lunch counter with a soda fountain. Muse became its sole owner in 1955, and the pharmacy served as a vital community gathering place during a time of racial segregation. After the pharmacy suffered several instances of vandalism, Muse became a mentor to neighborhood youths, hiring them as employees and helping them save money for college. “Doc Muse” is known for his medical advice and generosity, often allowing customers in financial straits to buy their prescriptions on store credit, and he has inspired multiple generations to follow his example and pursue medical careers. Arlington County’s Board of Supervisors acknowledged the significance of Muse’s community leadership when it designated Green Valley Pharmacy an Arlington Historic District in 2013. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5-vgyvhl9k" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Zakia Al-Amin's speech on behalf of her grandfather Leonard Muse, at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. UPDATE: Leonard Muse died on August 20, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Charles Penn. Death Date 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Leonard Muse Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource For more than 60 years, pharmacist Leonard Muse has been a community leader in the historically African-American neighborhood of Nauck in Arlington County. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/744e7f6bf4ad57b215a514efca3f72da.jpg 5b915da6f05a8798aecee4cbe071b636 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1867 Birthplace Hampton Death Date 1940 Occupation Educator Biographical Text The son of formerly enslaved parents, Robert Russa Moton (August 26, 1867–May 31, 1940), grew up in Prince Edward County. After graduating from Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (later Hampton University), he later served as the first African American commandant of the male cadets, supervising students and administering the school's regulations. He often traveled on fund-raising campaigns for Hampton, and Moton became widely known for promoting vocational education. As a founder of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, he worked to strengthen African American communities. In 1915, Moton became principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (later Tuskegee University) after the death of his mentor, Booker T. Washington. Moton expanded teacher training at Tuskegee, increased the academic coursework, and established a four-year college program. He believed that education and interracial cooperation provided the best methods for improving the status of African Americans. Moton served on several national commissions and also privately advised United States presidents on issues concerning race. In 1918 he traveled to France at the request of Woodrow Wilson to examine the service conditions faced by African American soldiers. In his book, What the Negro Thinks (1929), Moton described the daily discrimination faced by blacks in America. He retired as president emeritus of Tuskegee in 1935. The Robert Russa Moton Museum interprets the history of civil rights in education at the Farmville school named for him, where a student walk-out in 1951 led to a school desegregation case that became part of Brown v. Board of Education. Nominated by Sally Miller on behalf of the fourth and fifth-grade classes (2011–2012) at William Fox Elementary School, Richmond. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Gloucester Institute. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Robert Russa Moton Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Early in the twentieth century, Robert Russa Moton was one of the foremost African American educators in the United States. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/22643b3ade59fcc9690c2ddc015311fb.jpg 9977282813c213ed71fb5e4803e0d27b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1863 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1929 Occupation Newspaper Editor Biographical Text Born enslaved in Henrico County, John Mitchell Jr., (July 11, 1863–December 3, 1929) spent his early years working as a servant in the home of a Richmond attorney. After graduating as valedictorian from the Richmond Colored Normal School and teaching in Fredericksburg, Mitchell became editor in 1884 of the fledgling Richmond Planet, which he published until his death. Known as the “fighting editor,” Mitchell assisted in organizing a black boycott of the Richmond trolley system, spoke out against the disfranchisement of African Americans, and gained notoriety for promoting the Planet’s strong anti-lynching stance. Mitchell represented Jackson Ward on Richmond’s city council from 1888 to 1896. He served as president of the national Afro-American Press Association during the 1890s, and in 1894 became the grand chancellor of the Virginia Knights of Pythias. In 1901 he was the founding president of the Mechanics’ Savings Bank, established to protect the financial interests of the local African American community. In protest of the all-white Republican slate of statewide officers in 1921, Mitchell ran for governor on the party’s “lily black” ticket. The legacy of Mitchell and the Richmond Planet endures. His countless editorials and articles exposed and condemned racial injustice long before the beginning of the Civil Rights movement of the mid-twentieth century. In 2012, a new grave marker was dedicated at Mitchell’s burial site at Evergreen Cemetery, in Richmond. It reads, fittingly, “A man who would walk into the jaws of death to serve his race.” <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Mitchell Jr. Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource As editor of the Richmond Planet, John Mitchell Jr., fought against racism and for African American advancement in politics, business, and education. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/54cdac77185d2e9690ddca62545e03ae.jpg 2aced293c9ad7873c2d9a2f0e6721cf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1928 Birthplace Alexandria Death Date 2015 Occupation Basketball Pioneer Biographical Text Growing up in a racially segregated neighborhood in Alexandria, Earl Lloyd was a basketball standout at the city’s Parker-Gray High School and became a star at West Virginia State University, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in 1950. That year the National Basketball Association’s Washington Capitols signed Lloyd. On Halloween night, he became the first African-American athlete to play in an NBA game, scoring six points in a loss to the Rochester Royals. A week later he was ordered by the Army to report for duty only 16 days into his professional career. The Capitols folded during his military service and the Syracuse Nationals (later the Philadelphia 76ers) purchased Lloyd’s contract. He returned to the NBA in 1952, where he built a reputation for his tough-as-nails defense and rebounding. Lloyd and a teammate became the first African Americans to win the NBA title when the Nationals captured it in 1955. During the 1957–1958 season he took over the team’s coaching duties when the head coach was ejected from a few games. Lloyd ended his playing career in 1960 with the Detroit Pistons, for whom he was the NBA’s first African-American assistant coach. He became the league’s fourth black head coach in 1971. He later worked as an automotive executive and for the Detroit Board of Education. For his contributions to the sport, Lloyd was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1993 and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. UPDATE: Earl Francis Lloyd died on February 26, 2015. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Earl Francis Lloyd. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Earl Francis Lloyd Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Earl Lloyd was the first African American to play in the NBA and the league’s first African-American assistant coach. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/62ce44470b9f4552f6555da5b769d525.jpg cdd73a5bb5865dc69076933e67fad9b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1937 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 2014 Occupation Optometrist and Legislator Biographical Text After graduating from a segregated high school, Benjamin J. Lambert III (January 29, 1937–March 2, 2014) earned degrees from Virginia Union University and the Massachusetts College of Optometry. In 1962 he established his optometry practice in Richmond’s Jackson Ward neighborhood, where he became involved in numerous community organizations and local politics. In 1977 he was elected as a Democrat to the Virginia House of Delegates. He served until 1985, when he won election to fill a vacant seat in the Senate of Virginia. Representing the Ninth District, he sat on the powerful Finance Committee, as well as the committees on Education and Health, General Laws, and Privileges and Elections. During his 30 years in the assembly, Lambert gained a reputation as a dedicated legislator who built coalitions across party lines to serve his constituents and all Virginians. He cared deeply about providing educational opportunities for all, regardless of background. He chaired the Brown v. Board of Education Scholarship Awards Committee, which the assembly created to provide scholarships for Virginians who had been students in jurisdictions where public schools were closed between 1954 and 1964 to prevent desegregation. As a community leader, Lambert served on multiple advisory boards, including those for Virginia Union University, Dominion Resources, Sallie Mae, and the Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems Authority. Throughout his life, he received many awards and honors, including the Richmond Jaycees’ Outstanding Young Man Award (1972), Virginia Optometrist of the Year (1980), and the National Conference of Christians and Jews’ Humanitarian Award (1993). Nominated by Wanda N. Wallin, principal, on behalf of the eighth grade class (2015–2016) at All Saints Catholic School, Richmond. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgKAR80xnL4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Benjamin Lambert's family accept his award on his behalf, at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Lambert Family. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Benjamin Joseph Lambert III Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource As a longtime community leader in Richmond, Benjamin Lambert practiced optometry in Jackson Ward and served in the Virginia General Assembly. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Government and Law Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/7a9febef80d6b522454197919e9fb148.jpg 9856517d7cc5d80b80d024599bd8cad2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1893 Birthplace Bristol Death Date 1956 Occupation Sociologist and College President Biographical Text Growing up Bristol, Virginia, Charles Spurgeon Johnson (July 24, 1893–October 27, 1956) experienced racial discrimination that led to his lifelong fight for equal rights. His well-educated parents sent him to an academy in Richmond, and in 1916 he earned a bachelor of arts from Virginia Union University. His studies in sociology at the University of Chicago were interrupted by World War I, in which he served as a noncommissioned officer with the 803rd Pioneer Infantry in France. After returning to the United States, he was deeply affected by his experience in the 1919 Chicago race riots. Subsequently he conducted most of the research on the riots for the Chicago Commission on Race Relations. As a result of his work, the National Urban League appointed Johnson director of its research department in 1921. In 1928 he left New York for Nashville, Tennessee, to chair Fisk University's social sciences department. Johnson saw racial segregation as a threat to American democracy and prosperity. He systematically documented the negative economic and social effects of segregation on African Americans and made Fisk a center for studies on race relations in the South. Elected president of Fisk in 1946, Johnson was the first African American to hold the post, and under his leadership the university flourished. Widely recognized for his expertise on race relations, Johnson served on regional, national, and international organizations and commissions, including government appointments in 1946 to an advisory committee on postwar educational reforms in Japan and as a U.S. delegate to UNESCO. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FzlhlmPm00" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Charles S. Johnson's grandson accept his award on behalf of his grandfather at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Fisk University, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Special Collections, Charles S. Johnson Archive. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles Spurgeon Johnson Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Charles Spurgeon Johnson battled racism early in the twentieth century as a preeminent sociologist, author, educator, and college president. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education Government and Law Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/fc58e4284596eebd2971a68c1a05faec.jpg 1bb3e29ed982fe46799c9afbadbba3f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1921 Birthplace Christiansburg Occupation Community Activist Biographical Text Nannie Mae Berger Hairston (b. 1921) grew up in West Virginia, where her father worked in the coalfields. Her parents taught her the value of knowledge, kinship, and kindness by sharing their home and food with travelers and neighbors. Since settling with her husband and four daughters in Christiansburg in 1953, Hairston has worked quietly and tirelessly for her community. An advocate for civil rights, she joined the Montgomery County–Radford City–Floyd County branch of the NAACP, in which she held numerous offices and continues to be a member. She was also a founding member of the Montgomery County League of Women Voters. Hairston has worked to expand local employment opportunities for African American women and opened her home to children in need. Dedicated to preserving local history as well as educating young people, Hairston has been an advocate since the 1960s on behalf of the Christiansburg Community Center. Formerly known as the Hill School, it was the original site of what became the Christiansburg Institute, the only high school in southwestern Virginia for African American students. In 1997 the state chapter of the NAACP recognized Hairston's civic and humanitarian work with the Maggie L. Walker Community Service Award. A bronze bust of Hairston, created to commemorate her community work, was dedicated at the Montgomery County Government Center in 2006 and the local branch of the Virginia NAACP annually presents the Nannie B. Hairston Award to a member for outstanding and long-standing service to the branch and community. UPDATE: Nannie Haiston died on July 14, 2017. A celebration honoring Hairston was held on August 11, 2018 at the Montgomery-Floyd Regional Library. Historian Sheree Scarborough, who conducted a series of oral history interviews with Mrs. Hairston in 2015–2016, gave a talk about Mrs. Hairston's life and legacy. There was an exhibition, and city, county, and state representatives presented the Hairston family with formal resolutions. See the video link <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X6ODAyH3LZA&feature=youtu.be" title="here" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>. Nominated by the third-grade class (2011–2012) of Mary W. Biggs, Harding Avenue Elementary School, Blacksburg. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Montgomery-Floyd Regional Library. Death Date 2017 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nannie Berger Hairston Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Activist Nannie Berger Hairston strives to make her community a better place. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Community Leadership and Philanthropy https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/e4a51c4878285e366113df3df2db299d.jpg 3a79a90262d6c88ba5d2a257d90396ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1940 Birthplace Lynchburg Occupation Educator and Organization Leader Biographical Text Growing up in Lynchburg, Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell attended segregated public schools before earning a degree in business education at Virginia State College (now Virginia State University) in 1962. She soon began teaching at an Alexandria high school and joined a group of teachers working for the successful desegregation of the city’s schools. Active in the Virginia Education Association, Futrell served two terms as its president, from 1976 to 1978. In 1983 she was elected to the first of an unprecedented three terms as president of the National Education Association. During her six-year tenure she stressed the importance of professional development for teachers to ensure high-quality public education for every child. Futrell earned a doctorate in education in 1992 and joined the faculty of The George Washington University, where she served as dean of the Graduate School of Education and Human Development from 1995 to 2010. Committed to strengthening public schools and establishing high standards for teachers and students, she is a faculty member of GWU's Education Policy Studies Program and is codirector of the Center for Curriculum, Standards, and Technology. In 1993, she was the founding president of Education International, which promotes quality education and human rights worldwide. In 2004 Futrell received UNESCO's Jan Amos Comenius Medal for her continuing efforts to ensure that children around the world have access to education. Since 2005, Education International has granted an annual award named for Futrell that honors educators whose efforts have significantly influenced education and equal opportunities, especially for girls and women. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2014" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2014</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Mary Alice Hatwood Futrell. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Educator and organization leader Mary Alice Franklin Hatwood Futrell is an advocate for teachers and students in the United States and around the world. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Education