26 10 378 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/acb5bbde35ba6bdde23aec49ca6ee8e5.jpg 3cb733d4ab24169f505336375f4b7a8f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postwar United States Description An account of the resource The era immediately following World War II brought about vast changes, not only in foreign policy, but in economics and a changing civic landscape. The liberalism of the New Deal era grew into movements towards increasing civil liberties and economic opportunities, particularly for minorities and women. Protests became more and more common to the average American as groups demanded equal rights and voting equality. These movements were juxtaposed with Jim Crow laws and the reemergence of the KKK, which showed the darker side of life in the American South. The Cold War pitted the United States and its allies in the newly formed NATO against the ever-increasing and expanding Soviet Union and its fellow Communist regimes, particularly China, Korea and Vietnam. While this era is considered Postwar, it is in fact a move towards a new type of war, where campaigns are fought not only on the battleground, but in the political arena and social consciousness as well, fueled strongly by the increasing influence of television news. The fall of the Nazi regime opened the door to the Iron Curtain and Soviet dominance of Eastern Europe, and the defeat of Japan opened previously invaded lands to the chance to choose new leaders, many of whom sided with the tenants of Communism over those of Capitalism. The United States would spend much of this time period combating the “Domino Effect” to try and stem the spread of Communism, particularly in its own hemisphere with Cuba. At the same time, the United States invested millions into Western Europe through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan to halt the spread of Communism further west. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1970s Person An individual. Birth Date 1909 Birthplace Scott County Death Date 1978 Occupation Musician Biographical Text Born in the Copper Creek community in Scott County, Maybelle Addington Carter (May 10, 1909-October 23, 1978) learned to play the banjo, guitar, and autoharp. She was an original member of the Carter Family, a trio that included her brother-in-law, Alvin Pleasant Delaney Carter, and her first cousin, Sara Elizabeth Dougherty Carter, who was also A. P. Carter's wife. The group performed locally at churches, schools, and social events. In 1927 the Carter Family traveled to Bristol to audition for the Victor Talking Machine Company and made several records. Invited to Victor's studios in Camden, New Jersey, for further sessions, the group eventually recorded hundreds of songs. The Carter Family's fame also derived from appearances on radio shows that could be heard across the country. After the original Carter Family broke up in 1943, Maybelle Carter and her three daughters, Anita, Helen, and Valerie June, began performing on numerous radio stations, including Richmond's WRVA. By 1950 she had joined Nashville's Grand Ole Opry radio show. She became known as "Mother Maybelle" and later as the Mother of Country Music. Carter mastered several guitar styles including Hawaiian slide guitar, but she is most famous for the "Carter scratch" or "Carter lick", a dynamic thumb-lead style that powered most of the Carter Family's recordings. During the folk music revival of the 1960s Carter often performed on the autoharp and reprised many of the Carter Family's classic tunes, such as "Wildwood Flower." Youthful folk music audiences embraced her and her music, and she appeared on the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's classic Will the Circle Be Unbroken album. In 1970 the Carter Family was the first group inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2007" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2007</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maybelle Addington Carter Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource A founding member of the Carter Family, a highly influential early country music group, Maybelle Addington Carter was a pioneering guitarist and performer. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/3dd4b7a0061b1a60b9bcf289377620f1.jpg ff4b0dde4c44ed7d51c042df28556c56 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1902 Birthplace Arlington Death Date 2004 Occupation Public Television Pioneer Biographical Text The daughter of a Moravian minister, Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell (December 4, 1902–January 9, 2004) turned to a career in education when she was unable to enter the ministry since the Moravian church admitted only men. After earning a bachelor's degree from Salem College, in North Carolina, and a master's degree from Columbia University, she worked as dean of women at Moravian Seminary and College for Women, in Pennsylvania, and at Mary Baldwin College (later Mary Baldwin University), in Staunton. After her 1936 marriage she moved to Arlington, where she became an advocate for the public schools. Campbell won election to the Arlington County School Board in 1947 and was reelected in 1951, serving for eight years, part of the time as chair. In addition to working to improve the quality of the public schools, she boldly proposed to begin desegregating the school system after the Supreme Court's 1954 and 1955 Brown v. Board of Education decisions. The state adopted a policy of Massive Resistance to desegregation and stripped from Arlington residents the right to elect their own school board members. Campbell lost her seat on the school board in 1955, but served another term from 1960 to 1963. While on the school board she began working to use television as an instructional tool and took part in founding WETA in 1953, the first educational television station in the Washington, D.C., area. As longtime president of the Arlington-based Greater Washington Educational Television Association, she developed it into one of the most-successful public broadcasting companies in the United States, and WETA became one of the major producers of programs for the Public Broadcasting System. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of WETA. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell's belief in the value of education and the power of public broadcasting led her to help create the successful public educational television station, WETA. Community Leadership and Philanthropy Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/88146fbd90c9077d35aea9f744efb252.jpg 4fd6c931da6dc4fb0e64d945b79b4621 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1891 Birthplace Arlington County Death Date 1976 Occupation Attorney Biographical Text A New Jersey native, Eleanor Bontecou (February 14, 1891–March 19, 1976) studied law at Harvard University under Felix Frankfurter and received a Ph.D. in 1928 from the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government (later the Brookings Institution). A promising start as a law professor at the University of Chicago was cut short when she contracted encephalitis lethargica (sleeping sickness). Bontecou spent most of the 1930s bedridden and disabled. She never fully recovered her health and exhibited impaired balance and a slight tremor in her hands for the rest of her life. Bontecou provided legal advice to the Southern Conference for Human Welfare in its campaign to abolish the poll tax and also worked with Ralph Bunche on a survey of southern suffrage for the New School for Social Research and the Carnegie Foundation Study of the Negro in America. In 1943 Bontecou became one of the first seven attorneys in the new Civil Rights Section of the Criminal Division at the United States Department of Justice, where she earned a reputation as the most able attorney on issues of race and in cases of discrimination against Japanese Americans. She completed a study of the way the United States and the allied nations had treated conscientious objectors during World War I and recommended solutions to conscientious objector problems in World War II. Transferred to the War Department in 1946, she helped prepare for the prosecution of major war criminals in the Pacific theater and the following year went to Nuremberg to inspect and report on war crimes activities in Germany. In retirement in the 1950s, Bontecou devoted her legal expertise and energy to victims of McCarthy-era hysteria by counseling, and in some cases raising money for, federal government employees charged with subversion. A law professorship at Seton Hall University bears her name. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Harry S. Truman Library. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Eleanor Bontecou Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Eleanor Bontecou overcame debilitating illness to combat discrimination against Japanese Americans during World War II, study the treatment of conscientious objectors, and counsel federal government employees accused of subversive activities. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree Government and Law https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/21bccea73bd4473b7ea75d43032495f6.jpg 92190f07811317a3a487dbb926b75149 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1916 Birthplace Arlington County Death Date 2004 Occupation College President Biographical Text An innovative educator and administrator, Sister Marie Majella Berg (July 7, 1916–April 5, 2004) served as president of Marymount University for more than thirty years and transformed the school from a small, all-female, junior college to a large, coeducational university with several campuses. Born Mae Katherine Berg in Brooklyn, New York, she entered the order of the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary in 1934. As a Catholic nun, she took the name Sister Marie Majella. Sister Majella received a bachelor's degree in Latin from Marymount College in Tarrytown, New York, and a master's degree in classics from Fordham University before joining the faculty of the Marymount School in New York City, where she taught for twelve years. In 1948 she became the registrar and a professor of classics at Marymount Manhattan College. In 1960 Sister Majella was appointed president of Marymount College of Virginia, in Arlington County. Inheriting a two-year school with 240 students, she spent her first decade as president raising the number and quality of academic offerings, attracting new faculty, and expanding the student body. Using her outstanding relationship-building and fund-raising skills, she attracted a sizable endowment that allowed for the construction of many new buildings on the college's original site and the acquisition of two new campuses in Ballston and Sterling, Virginia. The college began offering bachelor's degrees in 1973, and in 1986 it achieved university status and became fully coeducational. By the time Sister Majella retired in 1993, Marymount offered thirty-eight undergraduate programs and twenty-three graduate degree programs to a student body of nearly 4,000. Sister Majella held honorary doctorates of humane letters from Georgetown University (1970) and Marymount Manhattan College (1983). At the time of her death in 2004 she was the longestserving woman college president in the nation. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2006" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2006</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia and Virginia Foundation for Women. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times Dispatch Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sister Marie Majella Berg Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Sister Marie Majella Berg transformed Marymount University from a junior college for women to a coeducational university during thirty years as its president. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Virginia Women in History Honoree Education Religion https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/6d6a81a0ea67a8deb30820e396bc9ed6.jpg 9668dcaf3d73d4e07b1520593cea9551 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1918 Death Date 1990 Birthplace Newport News Occupation Singer and Actor Biographical Text The daughter of a Pentecostal preacher, Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918–August 17, 1990) began singing at age three with the choir at her father's church in Newport News. Her introduction to show business occurred at age fifteen when she won an amateur talent contest in Philadelphia. Early in the 1930s she traveled the vaudeville circuit and during World War II she toured with the USO. A brief tour with the Cab Calloway Orchestra enhanced Bailey's visibility as a performer and in 1946 she made her Broadway debut in the musical St. Louis Woman. After appearing in her first film, Variety Girl (1947), she embarked on a recording career, scoring hits with "Takes Two to Tango" (1952) and "Toot Toot Tootsie, Goodbye" (1953). A captivating performer who described herself as a humorist, Bailey continued to perform in the United States and abroad as well as appear in movies and plays. During the 1950s she also began appearing regularly on television, including Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows, the Nat King Cole Show, and the Perry Como Show. At the end of the decade Bailey portrayed Maria in the film version of George Gershwin's classic American folk opera Porgy and Bess (1959). In 1967 Bailey was cast in the title role for an all-African American Broadway revival of Hello Dolly. Bailey's performance made her a major star and she received a special Tony Award in 1968. She and her Hello Dolly costar Cab Calloway also shared an Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Performance. In 1976 the Screen Actors Guild honored Bailey with its Lifetime Achievement Award. President Richard Nixon named Bailey the U.S. Ambassador of Love in 1970 and she served as a Goodwill Ambassador to the United Nations during the 1970s and 1980s. Lauded for her prowess as an entertainer and for her humanitarian efforts, Bailey was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Ronald Reagan in 1988. At age 59 Bailey enrolled as a freshman at Georgetown University and earned a BA in theology from the university that had already granted her an honorary doctorate. She also published several books, including a memoir, Between You and Me: A Heartfelt Memoir on Learning, Loving and Living (1989). <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2003</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pearl Bailey Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Pearl Bailey was an award winning singer and actor who was also recognized for her humanitarian efforts. Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/a45347dc23a2a7cc59b926c4045e6edd.jpg 1ff6b166f585c1c8d213db7a0ff8718b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1893 Birthplace Vienna Death Date 1948 Occupation Educator Biographical Text A dedicated teacher, Louise A. Reeves Archer (October 23, 1893–April 1, 1948) brought Vienna’s African American community together in service to its school. Louise Reeves grew up in North Carolina and attended Livingstone College. She taught school in Southampton County, Virginia, where she married Romulus C. Archer Jr. in 1915. They moved to Washington, D.C., in 1922 and she continued her education, later earning a B.S. from Morgan State College. In 1922 Archer became teacher and principal for a one-room segregated school in Vienna. Devoted to her students, she often transported children to school herself and worked to improve their learning experience. She organized a Parent-Teacher Association to raise funds for supplies and a new building, which opened in 1939 with three rooms. In 1941 students, parents, and faculty raised $300, which paid for a music teacher, bus expenses, kitchen supplies, and the installation of electric lights. Archer also established one of Fairfax County’s earliest 4-H Clubs for African Americans and her students participated in garden projects to raise vegetables for lunches prepared at school. Archer provided a high-quality education. In addition to the academic curriculum, she taught sewing, cooking, music, and poetry to her students in fifth through seventh grades, which was then the highest level of public education available to African Americans in the county. After Archer’s death, families petitioned the county to name the school in her honor. Louise Archer Elementary School continues to remember her service to the community with an annual celebration in her honor. Nominated by the 2011–2012 fourth-grade classes of Kristin Beurmann and Lauren Wagner, Louise Archer Elementary School, Vienna. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image courtesy of Louise Archer Elementary School. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Louise A. Reeves Archer Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource A highly respected teacher and principal, Louise Reeves Archer inspired her students through her dedication and commitment to their education. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Virginia Women in History Honoree Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0766df1b8fd898fc0ab94d14a75d7ea8.jpg 4d07f1e725694c4699512da97afd8ceb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1893 Birthplace Lynchburg Death Date 1955 Occupation Aviator Biographical Text Mary C. Alexander (March 2, 1893–April 16,1955) was one of the first women to become a commercial pilot. A native of Loudoun County, she resided in Lynchburg from about 1917 to 1935 and in 1924 became president of an automobile dealership. Soon after she divorced in 1929, she took flying lessons in New York and Baltimore and joined the Ninety-Nines, the first national organization of women aviators. Because divorce was then rare and could leave a woman at a disadvantage, Alexander allowed people to believe that she was instead a widow. She spoke and wrote enthusiastically about women flying and stated that she saw no conflicts among her roles as mother, business executive, and aviator. She listed herself in the Lynchburg city directory as “aviatrix” a feminine variation on “aviator.” In 1932 the famed pilot Amelia Earhart referred to Alexander as “the flying grandmother.” Alexander flew in numerous air shows, but she shunned high-risk barn-storming. About 1932 she acquired an air transport license and for almost two years she and her pilots flew scheduled air service between Washington, D.C., and Norfolk, using a Virginia Air National Guard airfield in Virginia Beach as the southern terminus. She continued to fly until the end of the 1930s when she took a desk job with Pan American Airways. Alexander retired early in the 1950s following her second marriage and lived near Washington, where she died in 1955. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary C. Alexander Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource One of the first women licensed pilots in Virginia, Mary C. Alexander owned and operated a scheduled air service between Norfolk and Washington, D.C., during the 1930s. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Virginia Women in History Honoree Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/cf38b39e2f50590412eb0e962d6b78b7.jpg 729112bd96c114d5ba9af3292f8fbb0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birthplace Charlottesville Occupation Composer Biographical Text As founder and director of the Virginia Center for Computer Music, Judith Shatin (b. 1949) combines her musical training and her fascination with sounds, natural and built, to create works that expand the traditional definitions of music and composer. For Shatin, there is no distinction between acoustic and digital music. She uses combinations of instruments, electronic media, and even wild animal sounds. In an interview, Shatin said that she is "interested in creating perceptible rhythmic frameworks and in developing musical structures that invite both physical and intellectual response." Shatin, a student of piano and flute, received degrees from Douglass College, The Juilliard School, and Princeton University. While at Princeton she studied under the composer Milton Babbitt, a pioneer in using computers to write music. In 1979 Shatin joined the faculty of the University of Virginia, where she is William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Music and where in 1987 she established the Center for Computer Music. In addition to her tenure as president of American Women Composers, Inc. (1989–1993), she has served on the boards of the International Alliance for Women in Music, the American Composers Alliance, and the League of Composers/ISCM. Shatin has received four fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, as well as awards from the New Jersey State Council on the Arts and the Virginia Commission for the Arts. She is married to Michael Kubovy, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2012" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2012</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Judith Shatin. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Judith Shatin Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Judith Shatin champions music that blurs the line between acoustic and digital. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/f9f149047104a8d0176762241bb9915d.jpg b3776524a4b43957ddb898003a5c7a07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birthplace Roanoke Occupation Civic Leader Biographical Text Pearl Fu lived what she calls a "cloistered" childhood in Yunnan Province, a remote, mountainous region of southwestern China that is home to more than a third of China's ethnic minorities, including the Yi. She grew up in a prominent political family that moved to Hong Kong. Her mother nurtured the traditions of the Yi and taught her children to cook their native cuisine. Fu fell in love with all things American. In 1959 she immigrated to the United States and enrolled in college. She graduated from Baltimore's Peabody Conservatory in 1963 and had a brief singing career before marrying C. C. Fu, an engineer. They lived in New Jersey before moving with their three daughters to Roanoke in 1986. In 1991 Fu found a forum to express her pride in her Yi heritage. Working without a salary for the first ten years, she transformed Roanoke's fledgling Local Colors from a tiny street-corner festival into an annual celebration that draws as many as 30,000 people to Roanoke on the third Saturday of May. Passionate about recruiting local participants, Fu built the program immigrant by immigrant. Promoting diversity (and Local Colors) every chance she gets, Fu is a common sight at ethnic celebrations, often dressing in the costume of the featured ethnicity. Says Fu, "You can acclimate to this country, contribute to it, become a citizen, but also keep your heritage alive at the same time." <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Pearl Fu. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pearl Fu Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource By directing the annual Local Colors festival, Pearl Fu celebrates the ethnic and cultural diversity of the Roanoke area. Community Leadership and Philanthropy https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ad891df4e57dc2584fed35bcaa9abb8b.jpg ce4fdab06ae58c778ded25f63d47daba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birthplace Prince William County Occupation Bronze Star Medal Recipient Biographical Text As a high school senior in Woodbridge, Monica Beltran (b. 1985) joined the Virginia National Guard as a way to help fund college tuition costs. She was assigned to the 1710th Transportation Company, but in 2004 she was called up to complete the 1173d Transportation Company when it was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom. In Iraq she volunteered for gun turret duty, although she had been trained as a truck driver. She worked to overcome the unease that some platoon members voiced regarding her youth and gender. On October 26, 2005, Specialist Beltran was serving as a gunner for a gun truck on a combat logistics patrol. Responsible for providing security for equipment and fifty-five soldiers and contractors being transported to Forward Operating Base Suse, she was on the convoy's right flank. During an enemy attack, Beltran returned maximum suppressive fire while taking heavy fire from multiple rounds of small arms, heavy-caliber machine guns, and rocket-propelled grenades. Despite suffering a wound to her left hand, she continued returning fire to ensure that the rear element of the convoy could pass safely through the mile-long kill zone. For her heroic service in the line of duty under hostile fire and adverse conditions, Beltran was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for Valor on December 30, 2005, the first woman in the Virginia National Guard to receive the honor. Promoted to sergeant in 2006, Beltran remains a member of the Virginia National Guard. Nominated by John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia National Guard Historical Collection, Fort Pickett, Blackstone. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2012" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2012</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of John W. Listman, Jr., Virginia National Guard and Fort Pickett Museum. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monica Beltran Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource As a result of her heroic actions while under attack in Iraq, Monica Beltran became the first woman in the Virginia National Guard to receive a Bronze Star Medal for Valor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2012 Virginia Women in History Honoree Military