32 10 378 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/9513e6f2772c8210e64a8c521c4a8919.jpg 140fc0ae9cfc45332662b4c460992e74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1882 Death Date 1975 Occupation Poet Biographical Text Anne Spencer (February 6, 1882–July 27, 1975) was born Annie Bethel Bannister in Henry County. Her father had been born enslaved and her parents, though separated, strove to make a better life for their daughter. After graduating from Virginia Seminary (later Virginia University of Lynchburg) in 1899, she married fellow student Edward Spencer in 1901. They settled in Lynchburg, where their home became an epicenter for writers and intellectuals of the Harlem Renaissance, including Langston Hughes, George Washington Carver, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Although Spencer lived outside New York City, the center of the Harlem Renaissance, she was recognized as one of its members. Her activism against racial discrimination brought her into contact with James Weldon Johnson, a writer and field secretary for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who helped her establish an NAACP chapter in Lynchburg. While staying at her home, he discovered Spencer's poetry and arranged for the publication of her poem, "Before the Feast at Shushan," in The Crisis (February 1920). She later described meeting Johnson as "an act of God." During the course of the next decade almost twenty of her poems appeared in magazines and in anthologies of African American literature, including Weldon's work, The Book of American Negro Poetry (1922). An important-but-often-unheralded poet of the black literary movement of the 1920s, Anne Spencer was one of the few African Americans included in the influential Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry (1973). <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2003</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Birthplace Lynchburg Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Spencer Family. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anne B. Spencer Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource An advocate for civil rights, Anne Spencer was also a noted poet of the Harlem Renaissance. Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/239d824f90a13891595076daa0c87b5f.jpg cb4e321daa9e316779560d446a4992bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1870 Birthplace Henrico County Death Date 1958 Occupation Educator Biographical Text The child of former slaves, Virginia Estelle Randolph (May 1870–March 16, 1958) completed her education at the age of sixteen and took her first teaching job in Goochland County. In 1892 she began teaching at the Mountain Road School, in Henrico County. There she developed her unique approach to education by creating a successful formula based on practicality, creativity, and involvement from parents and the community. A firm believer in learning through doing, Randolph combined academic instruction with lessons on cooking, weaving, and gardening. Because of her innovative teaching style, in October 1908 she became the first Jeanes Supervisor Industrial Teacher, a position she held for more than forty years. Her work took her throughout the South and earned her a national and international reputation as a leader in education. In 1915 a new high school for African Americans, the Virginia Randolph County Training School, was constructed in Randolph's honor. In 1930 a larger brick building replaced the original school after a fire destroyed it. In 1924 a girls' dormitory opened, located on three acres purchased by Randolph next to the school, to provide housing for thirty female students. Randolph also took students into her own home. The 1930 census lists fourteen "adopted" sons and daughters, ranging in age from eleven to nineteen, living in her household. In recognition of her success, Randolph received a William E. Harmon Award in 1926. She retired in 1949 and died in 1958. In 1970 the Virginia Randolph School was dedicated as a museum, and in 1974 the Virginia Randolph Cottage became a National Historic Landmark. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2009" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2009</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Virginia Estelle Randolph Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Virginia Estelle Randolph's innovative teaching techniques became the model for African American education throughout the South early in the twentieth century. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Virginia Women in History Honoree Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ee77cc2d9da518fea36e5ee4c28988ad.jpg f3e5c393fe9f79178937f9e3e01bf5ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1865 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1938 Occupation Social Reformer and Community Activist Biographical Text Richmond native Mary-Cooke Branch Munford (September 16, 1866–July 3, 1938) was not allowed to attend college and sought other ways to develop her keen intellect and her desire for social usefulness. In 1894 she helped establish a citywide Woman's Club, which quickly became one of the premier women's organizations in Virginia. She later joined the board of the Richmond Consumers' League, and in 1900 cofounded the Richmond Education Association to improve the city's struggling public school system. From 1904 through 1911, Munford served as its president, and in 1920 she was the first woman appointed to serve on Richmond's school board. Her interest in education extended statewide, and during her tenure as president of the Co-Operative Education Association of Virginia she championed major educational reforms. In 1910 she launched an unsuccessful crusade to establish a Co-Ordinate College for Women at the University of Virginia, but her efforts convinced the College of William and Mary to admit women in 1918. Joining other southern progressives to improve race relations and promote interracial cooperation, Munford helped found the Virginia Industrial School for Colored Girls in the 1910s and served on its board of trustees. She was also a trustee of Fisk University and the National Urban League and a founding member of the Virginia Inter-Racial Committee. Her reputation extended beyond Virginia, and she sat on the boards of the National Consumers' League and the National Child Labor Committee. In 1920 she was appointed a member of the Democratic National Committee. In recognition of her profound impact on education in Virginia, a dormitory at the University of Virginia and an elementary school in Richmond bear Munford's name. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2002</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Social reformer and activist Mary-Cooke Branch Munford advocated public school reforms, women's rights, and interracial cooperation throughout her life. Community Leadership and Philanthropy Education https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/7fdc9b82eb1d4d9af661a7e703a0da96.jpg 68bcc968a5a0a3c9875d849e9170a1cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1884 Birthplace Petersburg Death Date 1960 Occupation Botanical Illustrator Biographical Text In 1935 the City of Petersburg used funds from the Works Projects Administration to create a wildflower sanctuary in Lee Memorial Park. Under the direction of Mary Donald Claiborne Holden, women, black and white, cleared paths; transplanted flowers, shrubs, and trees; and gathered specimens of plants in the park. In 1937 Holden asked her neighbor Bessie Niemeyer Marshall (December 25, 1884–February 14, 1960) to paint watercolors of the herbarium. Sarah Elizabeth Niemeyer was born in Portsmouth. She married Myron Barraud Marshall, an Episcopal priest, on July 2, 1907. With nine children, Marshall had little time to pursue her interest in art, although she occasionally painted watercolors of plants and decorated household furniture and china. After serving parishes in the Philippines and in Virginia, the family settled in Petersburg in 1937. Although she had no formal training in painting, Marshall used her powers of observation and her knowledge of plants (she was an avid gardener) to create detailed renderings. Her 238 watercolors demonstrate her skill in depicting the delicacy of a plant's structure and the vibrancy of its colors. The commission brought much-needed money into the Marshall home. Her husband was disabled, and his pension was insufficient to support the large family. After the project ended, Marshall tried but had little success finding other commissions. After the deaths of her husband and grandson early in 1946, she returned to Portsmouth. Bessie Niemeyer Marshall died of a stroke in 1960. The Petersburg Garden Club won the 1948 Garden Club of Virginia Massie Prize for the Lee Park Herbarium. Lee Memorial Park is now on the National Register of Historic Places and undergoing restoration. Nominated by Virginia Rose Cherry, Richard Bland College. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2011" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2011</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy Of Petersburg Garden Club. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bessie Niemeyer Marshall Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Bessie Niemeyer Marshall created detailed watercolors of plants as part of a federally funded project that rescued a Petersburg park. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/bf9c50aff0c1da7c89ec5b5e8d2df7db.jpg 7c6d687723ae3c35e589dacfdfea9b5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1866 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1905 Occupation Physician Biographical Text Sarah Garland Boyd (February 1866-May 11, 1905) grew up among Richmond's black elite and became a teacher after graduating from Richmond Colored Normal School in 1883. Five years later she married fellow teacher Miles B. Jones. Sarah Jones entered Howard University's medical school in 1890 and earned her medical degree in 1893. On April 27, 1893, she became the first African American woman to pass the Virginia Medical Examining Board's examination. Sarah G. Jones established a successful medical practice in Richmond and also offered a one-hour free daily clinic for women and children. During the 1890s, she was one of only three female physicians and about half a dozen African American physicians in the city. In 1902, she and her husband, who had also earned his medical degree, helped create the Medical and Chirurgical Society of Richmond for African American doctors. Concerned about the lack of adequate medical facilities for black patients, Jones and several of the society's members opened a hospital in 1903 and an associated training school for nurses soon thereafter. In 1922, the Sarah G. Jones Memorial Hospital, Medical College and Training School for Nurses (later Richmond Community Hospital) was named in her honor. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2004" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2004</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sarah Garland Boyd Jones Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Sarah Garland Boyd Jones was the first African American woman to pass the Virginia Medical Examining Board's examination. Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/ae95b349cbb61b507208ed31fd0dd3d3.jpg 494b01578bddce0d7af2040624eccb85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1870 Death Date 1936 Occupation Writer and Suffragist Biographical Text While growing up, Mary Johnston (November 21, 1870–May 9, 1936) read widely and developed a deep love of Virginia's history and landscape. She used the setting of 17th-century Virginia for her first two novels, Prisoners of Hope (1898) and To Have and to Hold (1900), which became a best seller that was twice made into silent movies. Her Civil War novels, The Long Roll (1911), and Cease Firing (1912) were critically acclaimed. A popular author of almost two dozen novels, Johnston purchased property at Warm Springs, in Bath County, and built a large house there in 1913. As one of the most successful female authors early in the 20th century, Johnston used her fame in support of the woman suffrage movement. She joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia when it was founded in 1909 and published several essays advocating voting rights for women. She regularly spoke on behalf of suffrage throughout the state and was often a featured speaker at national suffrage conventions and events, including the March 1913 parade in Washington, D.C. When she spoke to the nation's governors at a 1912 convention, she expressed her belief that the "indestructible" movement for women's rights "is going to revolutionize the world." The progressive ideals that she presented in her pioneering feminist novel Hagar (1913) generated controversy and her popularity began to decline. Johnston retired from most political activity about 1915, but she continued to express her keen interest in social reform through her writing until her death. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2005" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2005</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women. Learn more about <a href="http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Johnston_Mary" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mary Johnston</a> in the Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Congress. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary Johnston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2005 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Best-selling author Mary Johnston was a leader in the fight for woman suffrage in Virginia. Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/0ca11a2cffd5d52c42db96c4f91a265a.jpg 00ae1c2f2736d2ee4a4867a0f28db5eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1864 Death Date 1952 Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Occupation Photographer Biographical Text Born in West Virginia, Frances Benjamin Johnston (January 16, 1864–May 16, 1952) grew up in Washington, D.C., where her father worked for the government and her mother was a newspaper correspondent. After attending a nearby convent school, she studied drawing and painting in Paris. She returned to the United States in 1885 and planned to become a writer and use her art training to illustrate her stories. Intrigued by photography, she worked for a commercial photographer and established her own studio in the 1890s. She incorporated elements of journalism and art into her work, developing the distinctive style for which she would become famous. Johnston established her reputation taking portraits of the prominent and political elite in Washington, D.C., but she also photographed factory workers and coal miners. She was commissioned in 1899 to photograph the students and campus of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute (later Hampton University), and the images were displayed at the 1900 Universal Exposition in Paris, where she also organized an exhibition of female photographers. Freethinking and strong-willed, Johnston advocated women's inclusion in photography, a field dominated by men. In 1927 Johnston photographed Chatham, an eighteenth-century manor on the Rappahannock River. Intrigued by early southern architecture, she began taking pictures of historic buildings in Fredericksburg and the surrounding area, and also provided the images for Colonial Churches in Virginia (1930). During the 1930s she received grants to document hundreds of Virginia's historic structures, as well as those in other southern states. Thousands of Johnston's photographs are part of the collections at the Library of Congress. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2003</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Birthplace Fredericksburg Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Frances Benjamin Johnston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource A highly successful photographer, Frances Benjamin Johnston's many accomplishments included documenting historic buildings of Virginia and the southeastern United States. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/c3dcfb7093bd439f25d5024ecd0d5dbc.jpg e1368c1669d4aed8dbc125949aede4c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1883 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1942 Occupation Artist and Social Reformer Biographical Text Growing up in Richmond, Eleanora Clare Gibson Houston (June 24, 1883–February 20, 1942) began studying art at about age ten. She continued her studies in New York City with William Merritt Chase, Kenneth Hayes Miller, and Robert Henri. After further training in Paris, Nora Houston, as she was generally known, returned in 1909 to teach at the Art Club of Richmond. About 1916 she and artist Adèle Clark established a studio, and for the rest of her life she taught art and was a leader in Richmond's art community. Houston exhibited her work nationally as well as locally and, with Clark, was a founder of the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, a forerunner of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. An advocate for women's right to vote, Houston joined the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, frequently spoke at its public meetings, and helped women register to vote after the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920. She was a founding member of the Virginia League of Women Voters and, as chair of its legislative committee, fought for laws to improve conditions for working women and children. She also worked to improve race relations in Richmond. In 1926 the National League of Women Voters named her one of twelve delegates to the International Woman Suffrage Alliance's conference in Paris. During the 1930s Houston was president of the Catholic Woman's Club in Richmond and supervised art production under the auspices of the Virginia Art Project of the federal Works Progress Administration. Nominated by John T. Tucker III, Mechanicsville. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Library of Virginia. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nora Houston Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource Artist Nora Houston was a tireless advocate for woman suffrage and social reform. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature Civil Rights and Reform https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/a2660d272141629a445311d237f47aa4.jpg a17a965e081e26f85ea48c3550aed589 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1873 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1945 Occupation Author Biographical Text Born into an aristocratic Virginia family, Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow (April 22, 1873–November 21, 1945) was educated at home because of her poor health and she eventually suffered severe hearing loss. She read widely in philosophy, history, and literature and developed a broad perspective on universal human experiences. The majority of her novels have southern settings, reflecting her awareness of the social and economic changes transpiring in the region in the decades before her birth and throughout her life. In 1897 Glasgow anonymously published her first novel, The Descendant, which was well received. She soon began a series of novels depicting the social and political upheaval in Virginia after 1850. The series included The Battle-Ground (1902), her only novel depicting the Civil War, The Deliverance (1904), about class conflicts in the war's aftermath, and Virginia (1913), whose namesake character finds herself unable to adapt to changing gender roles at the turn of the twentieth century. After a trip to England, Glasgow became an enthusiastic supporter of voting rights for women and helped establish the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia in 1909. She was also a lifelong animal lover who served as president of the Richmond Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Glasgow published twenty novels, several of which were best-sellers. Barren Ground (1925), with its grimly tragic theme set in rural Virginia, received critical acclaim as did Vein of Iron (1935), which traced four generations of a family of strong-willed women. Glasgow examined the decay of southern aristocracy and the trauma of the intrusion of modern industrialism in a trilogy that included The Sheltered Life (1932), often considered her finest work. In 1940 she received the Howells Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Glasgow's last novel In This Our Life (1941) was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1942. Her memoirs were published posthumously as The Woman Within (1954). <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Richmond Times-Dispatch. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ellen Glasgow Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Description An account of the resource A best-selling novelist, Ellen Glasgow challenged southern social and cultural conventions through her writing and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1942. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Arts and Literature https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/955c268facc099f2411214480488c551.jpg a834c5afe6c16f418aee18723ec72cd8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergence of Modern America Description An account of the resource The idea of a “Modern United States” begins with the advent of the Progressive era. The Progressive movement focused on reforms they viewed as necessary after drastic increases in industrialization, immigration, urbanization and corruption in the business and political realms. One of the most successful reform movements of the time periods is the women’s suffrage movement. Other movements that gained traction on a new scale during this era were the labor movement, including the rise of unions, and the Harlem Renaissance and northward migration of the African American population. The time also saw a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in direct retaliation to increased immigration and shifting roles for African Americans. With all of the changes on the home front of America, this era also saw the emergence of the United States as a major world power. The Spanish-American War pitted the United States against a European power other than Great Britain for the first time, and battles spanned the Atlantic and Pacific. The war also led to the rise of Theodore Roosevelt, an increase in propaganda and marketing of a war, both through yellow journalism and war slogans and ephemera encouraging citizens to “Remember the Maine!” Soon after, the United States would come to find itself embroiled in World War I, despite strong isolationist tendencies. Along with a large death toll, World War I led to the development of the failed League of Nations, ultimately pushing the United States even further into an isolationist standing that would last for decades. The immediate postwar period of the “Roaring 20s” saw a domination in politics and economics by big business and its supporters, which would all come crashing down in less than a decade. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1890-1930 Person An individual. Birth Date 1888 Birthplace Norfolk Death Date 1962 Occupation Legislator Biographical Text Sarah Lee Odend'hal (November 23, 1888– July 19, 1962) grew up in Norfolk, where she taught for more than a decade in the city's public schools. By attending summer school each year, she earned the equivalent of an undergraduate degree in education and administration from the University of Virginia, though it did not then award degrees to women. In 1917 she married Walter Colquitt Fain. During World War I, Sarah Fain volunteered for the Norfolk Red Cross and sold Liberty bonds. After the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified, she joined the League of Women Voters of Virginia and participated in Democratic Party politics, first campaigning for United States Senator Claude A. Swanson. In 1923 Fain and Helen Timmons Henderson, of Buchanan County, won seats in the House of Delegates, becoming the first two women to serve in Virginia's General Assembly. As a delegate, Fain focused on issues that were important to her constituents, especially education and maritime pilotage laws. In 1925 she was the first female legislator in the South to win reelection, and she stood unopposed for a third term in 1927. During her last term, she chaired the prestigious Committee on Schools and Colleges. Fain ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the U.S. Congress in 1930. She moved to Washington, D.C., and received appointments in various New Deal agencies, including the National Emergency Council, where she helped establish the United States Information Service and served as its first chief. She later directed a homestead community project and supervised a rural family resettlement program. In 1938, Fain moved to San Marino, California, and continued to participate in local politics there. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2000" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2000</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sarah Lee Fain Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000 Virginia Women in History Honoree Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women in History Description An account of the resource Sarah Lee Fain was one of the first two women elected to Virginia's General Assembly. Education Government and Law