1 10 18 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/da3f6570ca3dcfe1700c5985ac88b9f1.jpg d8d5379d09a6152ccdf92a2b5119bb71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1932 Birthplace Arlington County Death Date 2024 Occupation United States Army Officer Biographical Text William Hughes Dillard grew up in Martinsville, Virginia, where he was valedictorian of the first graduating class at the segregated Albert Harris High School. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corp (ROTC) at Virginia State College (now Virginia State University), where he earned a bachelor’s degree in 1953. Trained at the Army Aviation School at Fort Rucker, Alabama, as a fixed-wing pilot and later a helicopter pilot, he served two tours in Vietnam. During his second tour Dillard commanded the 269th Combat Aviation Battalion and later the 145th Combat Aviation Battalion, the latter modernizing the Vietnamese Air Force’s contingent of helicopters. After his overseas deployments, Dillard served in the office of the deputy assistant secretary of defense at the Pentagon. His military education included the Command and General Staff College and the United States Army War College. Dillard remained at the Pentagon during his last active-duty assignment as chief of the Europe/Africa Division of the Defense Security Assistance Agency in the Department of Defense. After 32 years of distinguished service, Dillard retired in 1985 with the rank of colonel, with service medals that included the Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross, multiple Bronze Stars and Air Service Medals, and the Defense Superior Service Medal. He continued his lifetime of public service in his Arlington County community, where he sat on planning committees for Arlington Public Schools, volunteered with the Northern Virginia Special Olympics, and served as a deacon at Mount Zion Baptist Church. Colonel Dillard was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Nominated by Peter Dillard. <a href="https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/strong-mw-2026">2026</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree. Bibliography Photograph courtesy of Peter Dillard. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William Hughes Dillard Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2026 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Description An account of the resource In a long and distinguished career in the United States Army, Colonel William Hughes Dillard honorably served his country at home and abroad. Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/d032df89c420f807d127ebb3320d2ced.jpg c0fc8250d32a9223fcb0f59f2c79483a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1969 Birthplace Norfolk Occupation Navy Commanding Officer Biographical Text Chicago native Captain Janet H. Days graduated from Old Dominion University in 1999 with a Bachelor of Science degree in business and received her commission through Naval ROTC via the Enlisted Commissioning Program. She completed her command tour aboard the USS McFaul, deploying independently to the U.S. 5th and 6th Fleet areas of responsibility (AOR) in the Atlantic Ocean and the Middle East. Days has served on five Navy combatants (warships) and multiple shore assignments, including a deployment to Kabul, Afghanistan, as the Joint Staff, J7 liaison officer to the Internal Security Assistance Force headquarters. Her personal awards include the Legion of Merit, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal (seven awards), Army Commendation Medal (two awards), Army Achievement Medal, and Afghanistan Campaign Medal. In February 2023, Captain Days became the 51st commanding officer of Naval Station Norfolk, the world’s largest naval complex and home to dozens of ships and tens of thousands of military personnel. The first African American to hold this post, she had also made history in 2021 when she was the first African American appointed as the station’s executive officer. With her father’s years of service in the United States Army as an example, Days emphasizes hard work, professional curiosity, and attention to detail, while embracing her historic command as inspiration for not just African-American women, but all women, to make their own opportunities as they seek careers in any field. <a href="https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/strong-mw-2024">2024</a> Strong Men and Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy. Bibliography Photograph courtesy U.S. Navy. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Captain Janet H. Days Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource With decades of meritorious service in the United States Navy, Captain Janet H. Days is the first African American to command Naval Station Norfolk, the world’s largest naval station. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/c7e9bbb68ce88cb7f38823899fc0f9c8.jpg 3eedfdd542effd450e49df6b5c6db832 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1881 Birthplace Martinsville Death Date 1972 Occupation Physician and Entrepreneur Biographical Text For many years, Dana Olden Baldwin (March 20, 1881–November 9, 1972) was Martinsville’s only African-American physician. Bright and hardworking, he graduated from high school in North Carolina at age 16 and, after teaching school and working on a farm, earned his medical degree from Leonard Medical College of Shaw University in 1910. Licensed by the Virginia State Board of Medical Examiners that year, he established his practice in Martinsville. Baldwin volunteered for the Army Medical Reserve Corps when the United States entered World War I and was commissioned a first lieutenant, serving in France with the 317th Sanitary Train of the 92d Division. Baldwin returned home after his honorable discharge in 1919 and acquired property around his medical practice to spur economic development within Martinsville’s African-American community. He established several businesses, including brick-making and garment factories. He also opened Saint Mary’s Hospital, where he treated anyone who needed medical attention. “Baldwin’s Block,” with its restaurants, hotel, barber shop, beauty parlor, dental practice, pharmacy, and theater, became the social and commercial hub for African Americans in the vicinity of Martinsville. Baldwin also operated the nearby Sandy Beach Resort and created the June German Ball, an annual social event and dance that hosted noted African-American entertainers, including Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Chuck Berry. Although “Baldwin’s Block” no longer stands, the city established the Dr. Dana O. Baldwin Memorial Park to honor his legacy. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion Energy. Bibliography Image from Arthur B. Caldwell, ed., History of the American Negro, vol. 5: Virginia Edition (1921). Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dana Olden Baldwin Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Dana Olden Baldwin was a community physician whose entrepreneurial spirit created a thriving African-American business district in Martinsville. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2018 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Business and Entrepreneurship Military Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/bcb8a9424845647604c5197247e7f3a0.jpg cb0dec290d3d1b847f24cb4637a5ff73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1956 Birthplace Franklin Occupation Brigadier General Army Medical Service Corps Biographical Text Growing up in Franklin, Sheila Baxter excelled at basketball. When she played at Virginia State College (later University), she was its first female player to score 1,000 points over the course of her career. In 1977, she earned a bachelor’s degree in health and physical education. One of the few women to join the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps at Virginia State, Baxter was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Army Medical Service Corps in 1978. She later received a master’s degree in health services administration from Webster University and also attended the Army War College. Stationed around the country and overseas, Baxter was assigned posts of increasing responsibility in medical logistics, including a tour in Saudi Arabia during Operation Desert Storm. Promoted to brigadier general in 2003, she was the first woman and the second African American to hold that rank in the Medical Service Corps. In her final post, Baxter was commander of the Madigan Army Medical Center and the Western Regional Medical Command and was responsible for coordinating medical care and support for active-duty, National Guard, and Reserve troops in six states. The screening and health assessment program for returning troops implemented at Madigan during her tenure became a model for the Army. Her decorations include the Distinguished Service Award. Inspired by mentors who helped her achieve her goals, Baxter has made time throughout her career to help and advise young adults. After retiring in 2008, she earned a Divinity degree and continues to work with veterans as a chaplain. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="http://youtu.be/TaLE9yEtqoE" target="_blank" title="Baxter 2015 speech" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Sheila Baxter’s acceptance speech at the 2015 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 4, 2015. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Brigadier General Sheila Baxter. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sheila R. Baxter Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Brigadier General Sheila Baxter was the first female and the second African-American brigadier general in the Army Medical Service Corps. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Military Science and Medicine https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/5c7febd6cbea273ac84c5d181853573e.jpg b60143dddbbcfabff2ee98f0e200194e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Reconstruction Description An account of the resource The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President. Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK. Learn more in the National History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1877 Person An individual. Birth Date 1840 Birthplace Norfolk Death Date 1908 Occupation Medal of Honor Recipient Biographical Text Born enslaved in Norfolk, William H. Carney (February 29, 1840–December 9, 1908) expressed an early interest in religion and attended a school run by a local minister. His father escaped during the 1850s to New Bedford, Massachusetts, and he purchased Carney and his mother out of slavery when they were not freed as promised by their owner’s will. After the Emancipation Proclamation authorized African Americans to participate in combat, Carney joined the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, the first black military unit raised in the North. The 54th Regiment led the charge on July 18, 1863, against Fort Wagner, one of the strongest defenses around Charleston, South Carolina. When the flag bearer was shot down in battle, Carney saved the American flag and planted it on the parapet. When the troops fell back he retrieved the flag, despite having received several serious wounds. As he handed it over to his regiment, Carney said, “Boys, the old flag never touched the ground.” He was honorably discharged in June 1864 and returned to New Bedford. Carney worked as one of the earliest U.S. letter carriers after the war, and he frequently spoke in public about how he saved the flag. In 1897 he received a standing ovation while attending the unveiling ceremony for the Boston monument to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw of the 54th Massachusetts. After 37 years, Carney received the Medal of Honor on May 23, 1900, for his heroism during the assault on Fort Wagner. When Carney died in 1908, the U.S. flag flew at half-mast at the Massachusetts State House. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2015" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="http://youtu.be/QLEPCbN4X5U" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Carl Cruz's speech at the 2015 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 4, 2015. Mr. Cruz was representing Sgt. William Harvey Carney posthumously. Bibliography Image Courtesy of West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William Harvey Carney Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource For his bravery during battle in the American Civil War, Sergeant William H. Carney was the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/47d86906fd2ed25b2c86d6e94471f3ea.jpg 4e56bf69f3f2344141538d157d2d2ec6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1940 Birthplace Accomack County Occupation Aviation Pioneer and Philanthropist Biographical Text William E. Bailey graduated from Accomack County’s segregated high school at the age of 15 and went on to study at Virginia State College (later Virginia State University). There he excelled in wrestling and in 2003 was named to the VSU Sports Hall of Fame. Before graduating in 1960, he entered the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps and in March 1962 he joined the army as a second lieutenant. At a time when few African Americans served as army aviators, Bailey was a combat pilot during the Vietnam War. He received many honors, including two Distinguished Flying Crosses, three Bronze Stars, and two Purple Hearts. Before retiring with the rank of colonel, he also served as a pilot assignment officer at the Pentagon and as the personal pilot for General William Westmoreland and Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey. Following his retirement Bailey became a commercial pilot for Continental Airlines. During his four decades in military and commercial aviation, he trained more than 1,000 students. A mentor to African-American students, he strives to increase diversity in the field of aviation and has assisted aspiring pilots through programs supported by the Organization of Black Airline Pilots. Bailey stresses the importance of pursuing higher education. As a member of the VSU Foundation's board of trustees, he has worked tirelessly to cultivate endowments and scholarships and helped establish the Bailey Family Endowment, which has provided more than $150,000 in financial aid to VSU students. In 2016 Bailey was inducted into the Virginia Aviation Hall of Fame. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVnijJV7ddA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> William Bailey's speech at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Bill Bailey. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William E. Bailey Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource After a decorated career as a military and commercial pilot, William E. Bailey continues to work for increased diversity in the aviation profession and to expand educational opportunities for African Americans. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Community Leadership and Philanthropy Military Sports and Media https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/7a9febef80d6b522454197919e9fb148.jpg 9856517d7cc5d80b80d024599bd8cad2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Description An account of the resource Along with events such as the Revolutionary and Civil Wars and the Industrial Revolution, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America. The circumstances of the Great Depression enlarged the role of the government in the everyday life of Americans, particularly through FDR's New Deal initiative. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a leader. Unlike previous administrations who subscribed to a certain level of isolationism, both FDR and Truman placed the United States on a path to strong involvement and leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. Additionally, World War II changed the role of women who went into the workforce as American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, and the use of atomic bombs provide images and stories that have helped to shape future American foreign policy. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929-1945 Person An individual. Birth Date 1893 Birthplace Bristol Death Date 1956 Occupation Sociologist and College President Biographical Text Growing up Bristol, Virginia, Charles Spurgeon Johnson (July 24, 1893–October 27, 1956) experienced racial discrimination that led to his lifelong fight for equal rights. His well-educated parents sent him to an academy in Richmond, and in 1916 he earned a bachelor of arts from Virginia Union University. His studies in sociology at the University of Chicago were interrupted by World War I, in which he served as a noncommissioned officer with the 803rd Pioneer Infantry in France. After returning to the United States, he was deeply affected by his experience in the 1919 Chicago race riots. Subsequently he conducted most of the research on the riots for the Chicago Commission on Race Relations. As a result of his work, the National Urban League appointed Johnson director of its research department in 1921. In 1928 he left New York for Nashville, Tennessee, to chair Fisk University's social sciences department. Johnson saw racial segregation as a threat to American democracy and prosperity. He systematically documented the negative economic and social effects of segregation on African Americans and made Fisk a center for studies on race relations in the South. Elected president of Fisk in 1946, Johnson was the first African American to hold the post, and under his leadership the university flourished. Widely recognized for his expertise on race relations, Johnson served on regional, national, and international organizations and commissions, including government appointments in 1946 to an advisory committee on postwar educational reforms in Japan and as a U.S. delegate to UNESCO. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FzlhlmPm00" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Watch</a> Charles S. Johnson's grandson accept his award on behalf of his grandfather at the 2017 Strong Men and Women in Virginia History awards ceremony on February 3, 2017. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Fisk University, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Special Collections, Charles S. Johnson Archive. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Charles Spurgeon Johnson Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Charles Spurgeon Johnson battled racism early in the twentieth century as a preeminent sociologist, author, educator, and college president. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2017 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Civil Rights and Reform Education Government and Law Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/b27d12ffc5c4558fe03e1813acdcf663.jpg 5df4855f49991e8faa241084cfc32418 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Contemporary United States Description An account of the resource This era is, in large part, a study of the United States as a global power – politically, economically and militarily. The detente with the Communist China under Nixon begins a shift in our “Domino Theory” in Asia. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the overthrow of communist governments in Eastern Europe, and the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race also changed how the United States interacted with Europe. At the same time, intervention and actions increased in our own hemisphere and in the Middle East. Terrorism also became a driving force behind foreign policy. Politically, there was a shift away from liberalism for much of this time period. Political scandals such as Watergate and Iran-Contra were treated differently than previous scandals, thanks in large part to an increase in television coverage. The governmental role in the economy, environmental protection, social welfare, and more shifted greatly during this time period and that role, and its scope, are still being debated today. Socially, this time period saw for the first time immigration primarily from Asia and Central America. A new wave of reform movements promoted environmental, feminist, and civil rights agendas. There was also a resurgence of religious evangelicalism. Technological advances once again redefined not only the economic landscape of America, but also the lives of everyday citizens. Learn more in the National U.S. History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-Present Person An individual. Birth Date 1959 Birthplace Prince George County Occupation Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army Biographical Text The daughter of a twenty-year Army veteran, Gwen McMillion Bingham joined the branch's Quartermaster Corps after graduating from the University of Alabama in 1981. She served her first tour at Fort Lee, a base outside Petersburg, that same year. Starting as a second lieutenant, Bingham worked her way up the ranks and also acquired two master's degrees. She became a battalion commander at Fort Lee in 2000 and settled in the community with her husband and two children. In 2005 Bingham rose to be the first female garrison commander at Fort Lee, working in the position until 2008, when she became chief of staff to the facility's commanding general. Two years later she assumed command of the U.S. Army Quartermaster School. As the institution's commandant, she oversaw the training of 20,000 soldiers each year in the art of supplying the army's soldiers. On April 22, 2011, Bingham received a promotion to brigadier general. With that breakthrough she became the first female quartermaster general of the army, a position that dates back to 1775. The following year the Department of Defense announced that Bingham would transfer to New Mexico's White Sands Missile Range and serve as its next commanding general. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/strong-mw-2013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2013</a> Strong Men & Women in Virginia History honoree, Library of Virginia and Dominion. Bibliography Image Courtesy of Fort Lee Cascom. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gwen Bingham Subject The topic of the resource Strong Men and Women in Virginia History Description An account of the resource Brigadier General Gwen Bingham was the first woman to serve as quartermaster general of the United States Army. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Strong Men & Women in Virginia History Honoree Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/9d290e1711f07b1eb2a12de3fcac39b1.jpg e5688a4244ecfc5119b91d09ad585c5e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Reconstruction Description An account of the resource The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President. Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK. Learn more in the National History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1877 Person An individual. Birth Date 1818 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1900 Occupation Spy Biographical Text Lifelong Richmond resident Elizabeth Van Lew (October 15, 1818–September 25, 1900) was a member of one of the city's leading commercial families that owned enslaved laborers and lived in a large mansion on Church Hill. After Virginia seceded in 1861, she remained loyal to the United States and worked to ease the plight of Union soldiers held as prisoners of war in warehouses near her home. During the Civil War she became the most effective Union espionage agent in the capital of the Confederacy. Her courageous patriotism put her life and liberty at risk, and her spy network provided crucial intelligence on the movement of Confederate troops and supplies and other information. In reward, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Van Lew postmaster of Richmond in 1869. The first woman to hold the office, Van Lew served for eight years, during which she played an important leadership role in the state's Republican Party and facilitated the entry of African Americans into politics. Late in her life, Van Lew became the object of scorn. People began to call her "Crazy Bet" and to explain her Unionism and her political activism not as acts of patriotism, but as the consequences of having an unsound mind or as duplicitous hostility to Virginia values. The widely propagated myths distorted her role in the city's social life and devalued her bravery and significant contributions to the war effort. In fact, Van Lew was not mentally deranged nor did she act irrationally in public. She was not “Crazy Bet,” but Miss Van Lew, a respectable, able, and determined patriot. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Library of Virginia. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Elizabeth Van Lew Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Elizabeth Van Lew oversaw an effective and significant Union spy network during the Civil War. Government and Law Military https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/changemakers/files/original/39245be1706d47f94ff0bb6a8af2624e.jpg f215b2e1a7acf7de1ceaa05070227818 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Civil War and Reconstruction Description An account of the resource The Civil War was undoubtedly one of the most important events in American history. The war challenged not only the issue of slavery, but the also the balance of federal versus state powers and the power of constitutional government. In the end, not only did the war preserve the Union as Lincoln had spoken of, but it also freed nearly four million African Americans from slavery. The war also highlighted stark differences in regions of the country. These differences ranged from political to religious to economic. There were many cases of brother fighting brother, neighbor fighting neighbor, and men who had previously been in the United States military service choosing to fight for the Confederacy, most notably, Robert E. Lee. The war also saw an increase in battlefield news coverage and photography, along with the first assassination of an American President. Following the war, the nation was faced with the problem of Reconstruction. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were aimed towards providing full equality for African Americans, but did face opposition on many levels. Despite headway, the North and the South both had strong objections to Radical Reconstruction and full social and racial democratization. Many Americans opposed the idea of redistributing wealth and were still in favor of strong local rights and government. In some cases, Reconstruction increased the racial divide, giving rise to movements such as the KKK. Learn more in the National History Content Standards. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850-1877 Person An individual. Birth Date 1833 Birthplace Richmond Death Date 1916 Occupation Hospital Administrator Biographical Text The daughter of a wealthy Mathews County family, Sally Louisa Tompkins (November 9, 1833–July 25, 1916) moved to Richmond shortly before the beginning of the Civil War. On July 21, 1861, she and other women of Saint James Episcopal Church opened a private hospital in the home of Judge John Robertson to provide for wounded soldiers. From the arrival of the first patient on August 3, 1861, until the departure of the last patient on June 13, 1865, Tompkins and her staff treated 1,333 patients, of whom only 73 died. Robertson Hospital, under Tompkins's superintendence, is reputed to have achieved the highest survival rate of any military hospital during the war. On September 9, 1861, the Secretary of War signed a letter appointing Tompkins a captain in the Confederate army in a possible ploy to enable Tompkins and the Robertson Hospital to receive supplies from the CSA Quartermaster Office. Tompkins accepted the appointment but refused to accept pay for her work. She was known as an efficient administrator whose insistence on cleanliness contributed to the high survival rate of the patients. After the war, Tompkins continued her involvement with charitable works and nursing. Her personal fortune depleted, she lived at the Home for Confederate Women in Richmond from 1905 until her death. Sally Louisa Tompkins was buried with full military honors in the Christ Episcopal Church graveyard in Mathews County. <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/va-women-2001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2001</a> Virginia Women in History honoree, Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International. Bibliography Image Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sally Louisa Tompkins Subject The topic of the resource Virginia Women In History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2001 Virginia Women in History Honoree Description An account of the resource Appointed a captain in the Confederate army, Sally Tompkins managed a hospital in Richmond during the Civil War. Military Science and Medicine