2 10 23 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/e880216cc44c9d1038de8229dd50ce29.jpg 719686f68e7f50dc5fdf7f06911bfd04 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/be0cea073629631e63b01a523ffe9ffa.pdf bea593b329e924ee02a6189fb77449ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context In the 1930s, the Virginia State Commission on Conservation and Development’s Division of History and Archaeology received funds from the Works Progress Administration’s (later known as the Work Projects Administration) Federal Art Project to commission five artists to create drawings for a publication on historic Virginia buildings. The artists applied for work through local emergency relief offices and if accepted, received assignments with the Federal Art Project. The Federal Art Project operated from 1935- 1943, although some projects began as early as 1932. Using public funds, it employed artists to create pieces for educational, community service, and research projects. Artists employed in the program created murals, paintings, sculpture, posters, graphics, museum exhibits, scenic art for theatre productions, and documentation for the Index of American Design. Under the direction of Hamilton J. Eckenrode, the commission’s Division of History and Archaeology began making a record of historic buildings in Virginia in 1932. Field assistant (and artist) Rex M. Allyn took photographs of buildings while on assignment to the Division’s Historic Highway Marker project. From 1932 to 1937, Allyn and four other artists—Edward A. Darby, Dorothea A. Farrington, E. Neville Harnsberger, and Elsie J. Mistie— created numerous pen-and-ink and pencil drawings from the photographs. In some cases, the artists were asked to adjust the architectural details to produce a drawing that more closely represented the original structure. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Take a Look: Look at the image, what do you notice about it? What does the image suggest about the time in which it was created? Post Activities Up for Debate: The purpose of the Federal Art Project was to employ artists who were struggling to find work. List three benefits of the program and three reasons why some people may have objected to this program. Based on your understanding, which side would you support? Why? Artistic Exploration: Look closely at the drawing of Shellfield. To what extent do you think it is an accurate and detailed representation of the structure? Be specific in your answer. Standards USII.5, VUS.13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Drawing of Shellfield, Westmoreland Co., Edward A. Darby, 1932-37 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1932 Economics Government and Civics https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/9138e3ce7919fbd907ba12ac059df687.jpg ef1e2741c8242b28198be88481f6f9b9 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/60d6e18f1ff049d83a4feb3ed451fcbb.pdf 5e70b8a07e0c0f43261ee0aa4e87d829 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context Lynchburg native Desmond T. Doss (1919–2006) was the first conscientious objector to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor. A conscientious objector is one who is opposed to serving in the armed forces and/or bearing arms on the grounds of moral or religious principles. The Medal of Honor is the highest honor a member of the military can receive, and it is awarded only for exemplary courage and action while engaged in military duty. Corporal Doss was a Seventh Day Adventist. This religious denomination is one of several that discourages bearing arms. So instead of being an infantryman, Doss served as an Army medical corpsman, 1st Battalion, 307th Infantry Medical Detachment, 77th Infantry Division. Doss was credited with saving the lives of many wounded soldiers, risking his own life to remove these men from areas under active attack by grenades and other artillery. Part of the Medal of Honor citation states, "Through his outstanding bravery and unflinching determination in the face of desperately dangerous conditions Pfc. Doss saved the lives of many soldiers. His name became a symbol throughout the 77th Infantry Division for outstanding gallantry far above and beyond the call of duty." Citation: President Harry S. Truman presents the Congressional Medal of Honor to Cpl. Desmond T. Doss, 1945, State Records Collection, Library of Virginia. <a href="https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.asp?b=Doss_Desmond_Thomas">Learn more about Desmond T. Doss in his Dictionary of Virginia Biography entry.</a> <a href="https://uncommonwealth.virginiamemory.com/blog/2015/05/21/the-conscientious-objector-desmond-t-doss/">See documents related to Desmond T. Doss's military actions in the Library of Virginia's blog, The UncommonWealth.</a> Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the photograph. What do you think is happening in the photograph? What do you notice about the man who is the subject of the photograph? Post Activities Think About It: Corporal Doss was a conscientious objector and was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions as and Army Medic. Why might someone become choose to be a conscientious objector? Why might the be allowed in a time of war? Current Connections: Today and throughout the last decade, there have been military actions taken around the world. Although being a conscientious objector is still permitted in all branches of military service, the public may not be aware of this option or how often it is used. Why might this be the case? Explain. Standards Social Studies: K.4, 1.1, 2.2, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 Art: 4.1, 5.1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pres. Truman presents Congressional Medal of Honor to Cpl. Desmond T. Doss, Photograph, 1945 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Military History Religion https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/d7900311c4802c1843251e505998e8a8.jpg bbb99b3b1d305b04bad489c380abf945 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/ea7355c1ea698b5994b30cae52e9ba1a.pdf f0e19f9c9c04cef75318db466743fd19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context On June 6, 1944, soldiers of the Allied Expeditionary Force stormed the beaches of Normandy as part of Operation Overlord, often referred to as D-Day. Approximately 156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. The amphibious invasions began at 6:30 a.m. The British and Canadians captured beaches codenamed Gold, Juno and Sword, as the Americans captured Utah Beach. U.S. forces faced heavy resistance at Omaha Beach, where there were over 2,000 American casualties. According to some estimates, over 4,000 Allied troops lost their lives in the invasion. Thirty soldiers from Bedford, Virginia, members of Company A of the 116th Infantry, assaulted Omaha Beach. By the end of the campaign and subsequent military action in Normandy, twenty-one soldiers from Bedford had died. The population of Bedford at this time was about 3,200, so this community suffered a larger proportional loss of population during the D-Day and Normandy Invasion campaigns than any other place in the US. The Personal War Service Records of Virginia's War Dead, part of the records of the Virginia World War II History Commission at the Library of Virginia, documents the sacrifice of 15 of the 19 Bedford soldiers, and includes the service record of John L. Wilkes. Citation: Wilkes, John L., Bedford County, Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead, Virginia World War II History Commission, Box 3, Folder 3, Accession 24805. State Records Collection, Library of Virginia (photograph). Citations/For Further Reading: <a href="https://uncommonwealth.virginiamemory.com/blog/2014/06/06/we-remember-bedford-county-and-the-70th-anniversary-of-d-day/">Learn more about Bedford County and D-Day in The UncommonWealth blog.</a> <a href="https://www.dday.org/">The National D-Day Memorial</a> Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the images, What information can you infer from the way the man is dressed? What would you guess his age was? Post Activities Be the Journalist: Write an editorial of short news article as if you were the Editor- in Chief of a local Bedford newspaper on the one-year anniversary D-Day. How would you commemorate the sacrifice of your fellow citizens? Analyze: View the records of Bedford residents, including John Wilkes's questionnaire in <a href="https://uncommonwealth.virginiamemory.com/blog/2014/06/06/we-remember-bedford-county-and-the-70th-anniversary-of-d-day/">The UncommonWealth blog</a>. What similarities do you see in their pre-war occupations, ages, and personal information? Standards Social Studies: 2.2, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 English: 4.7, 5.7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John L. Wilkes of Bedford County, Personal War Service Record Photograph, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Military History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/ed78d1cc2e9b063dca08eb6446bd7ba5.jpg 086677356fdcd96562553d339a0bbdff https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/05346c5b97b90490c0d80072e33335cf.pdf 5e03f8eccff120549adb5be52d67d9aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context Based in New York, N.Y., 1942-1946. Artists for Victory, Inc. was a non-profit organization of more than ten thousand artists formed to assist in the war effort. Their activities included a British-American goodwill exhibition, sponsorship of portrait drawings, demonstrations of arts and crafts, and instruction in military hospitals. Often, the art created was used as a form of propaganda to persuade the American public to back the military fighting in World War II. In the fall of 1942, Artists for Victory, Council for Democracy, and the Museum of Modern Art sponsored the National War Poster Competition. Artists from 43 states submitted 2,224 designs. The designs included eight themes selected from the President's first <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16253" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">war message to Congress on January 6, 1942</a>. The eight war themes selected were: Production, War Bonds, The Nature of the Enemy, Loose Talk, Slave World or Free World?, The People are on the March, and Deliver Us From Evil. Artists for Victory selected fifty images and reproduced them as war posters for national distribtuion. Many of the posters juxtaposed the strength and goodness of the Allies' cause with the tyranny and destruction of the nations that fought against them, the Axis powers of Japan, Italy, and German. Citation: No. 44 of the First Series of 50 War Poster Labels sponsored by Artists for Victory, Inc. Artist - Clarence West, 1943, Records of the World War II History Commission, Miscellaneous Records, Box 1b, Folder 100, Accession 27544, State Records Collection, Library of Virginia. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the war poster. What message is the artist trying to convey? How does it related to the subject indicated in the text on the poster? What do you think about the artist's choice of imagery, and why? Post Activity Analyze: The poster is a powerful piece of propaganda art. How do these artistic choices affect the impact of the image as a whole? Would you classify these as propaganda compared to other image campaigns of the time period? Why or why not? Artistic Exploration: Select one of the themes from the poster collection and create your own entry as if you were part of the 1942 competition. Up for Debate: Do you think propaganda messaging is something that a government should sponsor? Why or why not? Find other examples of WW II-era imagery to support your position. Standards Social Studies: 2.2, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 Art: 4.1, 4.3, 5.1, 5.3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource This is the Enemy (No. 44), War Poster, Artists for Victory, 1943 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Military History Popular Culture https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/ed54c09e1869d937cc203e6dd661181d.jpg fbf5b77dfce8acfb310cafb311f371e3 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/3daba6a3e93286496bda2735ea38a6de.pdf 639b93bed5971e4dbae12c485b208c3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context World War II fundamentally altered the workforce of the United States as the nation shifted from a peacetime consumer-focused economy to one centered on war production. While industries shifted their production lines to munitions and supplies for the armed forces, millions lined up to serve in the armed forces. By 1945, more than twelve million served in the military, the majority of whom were men. The sheer number of enlisted men necessitated that factories turn to an often-ignored segment of laborers: women. Many of the women who worked at wartime industries had been employed in lower-paying light industrial jobs prior to being hired in the 1940s. Others had worked in clerical or sales positions, and some were new to the workforce. Overall, women’s employment in the workforce jumped from 14 million to 19 million, representing about 36 percent of the overall workforce total. Of these, about six million worked in heavy war industries, which paid higher wages than the positions women held before. While this number was large, it represented mainly white women workers. Black women had greater difficulty in finding well-paid wartime positions. In southern states, employers often blamed Jim Crow laws for refusing to hire Black women; they claimed that there was no space or money to build segregated facilities. In other places, employers either simply refused to hire Black women, or white women threatened to strike if Black women entered their ranks. Those Black women who succeeded in gaining employment in these lucrative industries had to fight to secure them, using the Fair Employment Practices Committee investigators or sympathetic union leaders to advance their cases. What Black women could and did do, however, was to take the jobs white women vacated for the wartime factory positions; this enabled many to leave low-paying domestic service jobs. Women generally expected to keep their jobs after World War II. A Women’s Bureau study found that 75 percent of women planned to keep working, and of those, 90 percent intended to remain in the jobs they had. This did not happen. Wartime industries shifted way from war-production mode, laying off thousands of women in favor of returning men. In Virginia, almost 19,000 women left production jobs in 1945 and 1946. This did not mean that women stopped working; instead, many reluctantly returned to the lower-paying jobs they had held before the war. The photograph shows women working in a vehicle processing plant on January 8, 1944, in Newport News. The women worked as part of a team manufacturing hydraulic bridge parts that were to be shipped overseas during World War II. It was not uncommon for women were to be referred to as “girls” in the time period and this is reflected in the title of the photograph. Citation: U.S. Army Signal Corps. View of Girls Processing a Hydraulic Bridge Erecting Crane, Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, 1944, U.S. Army Signal Corps Photograph Collection, Library of Virginia. <a href="https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/collectionDiscovery?vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA&inst=01LVA_INST&collectionId=81106689010005756">This photograph and others from the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation are available in the Library of Virginia's Digital Collections Discovery.</a> For more information: American Social History Project/Center, City University of New York, <a href="https://shec.ashp.cuny.edu/files/original/statistics-on-women-in-the-world-war-ii-era-workforce_47398d4f04.pdf">“Statistics on Women in the World War II Workforce.”</a> Social Security Administration, <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v5n7/v5n7p4.pdf">“Employment of Women in War Production,”</a> (1942). Megan Shockley, “We, Too, Are Americans": African American Women in Detroit and Richmond, 1940-1945,” Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2004. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the photograph. What are the women doing? How are they dressed? Why might they have been photographed in this way? Often, the government staged pictures of women working in factories for publicity photographs. Do you think this picture was staged? Why or why not? Post Activities Up for Debate: Do you think the term "girls" was appropriate for this photographer to use? Why or why not? What might the public reaction be today to such a title? Form an Opinion: Write a journal entry as if you were one of the women who found herself out of a job when men returned home from the battlefield. STEM Stat: The women shown in the photograph were processing a hydraulic bridge erecting crane. The purpose of this type of crane is to allow for a bridge to be pre-assembled and them moved into place using the hydraulic erecting crane. How might this technology been helpful to US and allied troops in Europe during World War II? Think of the geographic locations of many of the battles, the presence of bodies of water, and the importance of bridges during the war. Standards K.8, 2.2, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource View of Girls Processing a Hydraulic Bridge Erecting Crane, Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, U.S. Army Signal Corps Photograph, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Economics Military History Women's History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/81d45005ba38fa9027cc46d032a2b5aa.jpg ec31b5db05c932c2e8a873baeaa9e4cb https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/fef1db9c0bc74adb78191ee585491389.pdf b10ba0e175076d71db1e654df7eb58ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context From September 1939 to December 1941, the United States was not officially at war with any of the Axis powers. While the government provided to the Allies through programs such as Lend-Lease, Americans generally held a strong isolationist sentiment following World War I and the failure of the League of Nations. Just before 8 a.m. on December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked Pearl Harbor, an American naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii. The fleet was devastated, with a loss of almost 200 airplanes and nearly 20 vessels, including eight battleships. Over 2,000 American soldiers and sailors lost their lives, including over 1,000 men who died when the USS Arizona sank into the harbor. This unprovoked attack quickly shifted American sentiment. President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the nation soon after the attack and described it as "A date which will live in infamy." Congress swiftly approved his declaration of war against Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Pearl Harbor became a rallying point for the war effort. Across the nation, the Office of War Information created and distributed posters like this to show support for the troops being sent to fight. Citation: Saalburg, Allen Russell. Remember Dec. 7th! Office of War Information, Washington, D.C. , 1942, Prints & Photographs, Special Collections, Library of Virginia. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the image. What emotions does it evoke? What event would have led to the creation of such an image? Post Activities Analyze: The quote on this poster comes not from FDR's rousing speech, but from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Why do you think the creators of this poster would have selected this quote? Art Exploration: Design another version of this poster. Write a description of your poster in which you explain your design decisions. Social Media Spin: Create a social media post, using this image to report on the anniversary the event. Standards Social Studies: VS.10, USII.6, VUS.15 Art: 4.1, 4.3, 5.1, 5.3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Remember Dec. 7th!, World War II Poster, 1942 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Government and Civics Military History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/03e266eeed22f5a81cbe8883c993e346.jpg 81c9a0b2262d11b472f49e8d74129176 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/c12945cbc348290984156e2c95d07c16.pdf 5b0e51cbabfc3fcc381f0c63a07b71ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context On April 14, 1945, U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was buried in Hyde Park, New York, following funeral services at the White House. Roosevelt had been elected four times to the office of president, a feat never matched, and one that is now prohibited by the 22nd Amendment. After winning election to the White House for the first time in 1932, Roosevelt began efforts to combat the effects of the nation's economic collapse and the Great Depression. The federal government created numerous agencies and administrations, collectively known as the New Deal, that put money into the economy with public works projects, such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, strengthened the position of workers, and provided some working people with a retirement pension (Social Security). Beginning in 1933, Roosevelt held a series of "Fireside Chats" to directly address concerns of Americans. These radio broadcasts changed the way the office of president addressed U. S. residents, and his regular speeches on the radio made many Americans feel like they were personally close with him. Roosevelt also used his "Fireside Chats" to build support for participation in World War II. He is remembered especially for his rousing address to Congress and the American people after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. As a wartime president, he led the United States in its fight against the Axis powers of Germany and Italy in Europe and Japan in the Pacific. In this proclamation, J.L. Bland, the mayor of West Point, Virginia, calls for all businesses to close at 4:00pm in recognition of the funeral services for President Roosevelt, which were scheduled for that time.<a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/jamesbuchanan"></a> Citation: Bland, J.L. Proclamation in recognition and honor of our beloved president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, West Point, Va., 1945. Broadside 1945 .B5 BOX, Special Collections, Library of Virginia Related Document Bank entry: <a href="https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/dbva/items/show/82">Remember Dec. 7th!, World War II Poster, 1942</a> Suggested Questions Preview Activity Scan It: Scan the document. What is it announcing? Why would someone write such an announcement? Post Activities Up for Debate: Do you think that businesses should have closed to honor the time of the President's funeral? Why or why not? Social Media Spin: Create a social media post announcing the funeral of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Include information about his historical significance. Dig Deeper: Visit the Library of Virginia's online newspaper database: <a href="https://virginiachronicle.com/">virginiachronicle.com</a>. Look at newspapers published at the time of President Roosevelt's death and funeral in <a href="https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=cl&cl=CL2.1945.04">April 1945</a>. How did people in different communities around Virginia respond? Standards VS.10, USII.5, USII.6, VUS.13, VUS.14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proclamation in recognition and honor of our beloved president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1945 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945 Government and Civics Popular Culture https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/e3bf7893b2ffab5308138865acf8bac7.jpg 47cd1794d71d9896d922595b0c4be9e4 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/85d2acb57840329809b536367cfe73de.pdf f649891d67cd6133a2f02cd0077933e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context During the First World War, the United States government created the Women's Land Army of America (WLAA) to provide essential labor to American farms and farmers while young men who had worked in agriculture left to serve in the military or find better jobs working for the government and the burgeoning defense industry. The director of the WLAA was Harriet Stanton Blatch, the daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton who was a leader of the suffrage movement. During World War II, the government reinstituted the program, for the same reason—to provide agricultural labor on the homefront. Established in April 1943 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Women's Land Army of America was overseen by Florence Hall and operated under the United States Crop Corps, which had responsibility for ensuring that crops were successfully harvested. From 1943 to 1945 the Women's Land Army recruited, trained, and placed women on American farms, where they planted, cultivated, and harvested much of the nation's crops. Women were recruited from everywhere, and included students, urban workers, and anyone who could spare time to participate in harvests. In the southern states, recruitment sometimes excluded Black women and some white women were reluctant to participate because field labor was traditionally done by Black men and women. The Land Army members worked seasonally, often living together in camps when they lived too far from sites to commute. In 1944, the Virginia Agricultural Extension Service reported that 753 WLAA members helped harvest crops in the state that year. More than a million women served their nation during World War II by joining the WLAA. Inspirational, informative, instructive, imploring—posters were a major part of the war effort. Virginians would have seen many of these posters. The most common place to see such posters in Virginia would have been in train stations and other areas of transportation. Other types of posters in the period encouraged saving scrap materials, following restricted diets, contacting servicemen, and supporting the war effort through war bonds. Citation: Hubert Morley, Pitch in and Help!: Join the Women's Land Army of the U.S. Crop Corps, 1944, World War II Poster Collection, Special Collections, Library of Virginia. Find more posters in the Library of Virginia's <a href="https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/collectionDiscovery?vid=01LVA_INST:01LVA&collectionId=81106459990005756">World War II Poster Digital Collection</a>. Standards Social Studies: K.4, K.8, 2.1, 2.2, 2.13, VS.10, USII.6, CE.7, VUS.14 Art: 4.3, 5.3 Suggested Questions Preview Activity Take a Look: Look at the way the women are depicted in the poster. Why do you think the women portrayed in this image look the way they do? What are they doing? Evaluate what impact the poster might have had on a person looking at it. Post Activities Analyze: Women were not encouraged to work outside of the home before the war, but they became a critical part of the workforce during the war. Why would women, particularly those in college, choose to receive training in agriculture? What did they hope to gain? Dig Deeper: Research women's involvement in World War II to answer these questions. What were some of the jobs women did during World War II? How did these jobs differ from the ones women traditionally did? What was the effect of women's involvement in the war effort on American society after the war ended? Social Media Spin: Create a social media post in which you encourage women to be trained in agriculture to support the war effort. Be sure to include references to the Women's Land Army of America and its mission. Form an Opinion: Write a journal entry in which you describe how you would have felt if you were a woman recruited from the city to move to a rural agricultural community. What challenges might you face? Think about It: One aspect of being a good citizen is fulfilling responsibilities. What are those responsibilities? How do serving in the armed forces and farming relate to each other? Is one more important or significant? Why or why not? Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pitch in and help! Join the Women's Land Army of the U.S. Crop Corps, WWII Poster, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Economics Government and Civics Women's History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/210816ffb8cb5a3aa929a342908f2577.jpg 256345303d62c5b2f4d53f62ffbf8386 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/c99dab0168de6f8f283c0db1cb6b66b8.pdf f5729f7bcdee37ea98f508b49b5d7d85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context The Atlantic hurricane season officially begins on June 1 and ends November 30, with the season’s peak occurring between August and October. During the very active hurricane season of 1933, the Chesapeake-Potomac Hurricane hit coastal Virginia on August 23, 1933. The intense rain and sustained winds caused catastrophic damage. The storm was first noticed when it was east of the Windward Islands. By mid-August, the tropical storm was 900 miles east of Puerto Rico and within 150 miles of Bermuda. On August 23rd, the storm, now a hurricane, changed track. The eye of the hurricane passed over Norfolk and moved north. The affected area covered large parts of the city of Norfolk, Princess Anne, Northampton, Accomack, York, Gloucester, Mathews, and Lancaster counties. Northumberland, Richmond, and Westmoreland counties were also affected to a lesser extent. The hurricane caused $27.2 million in damages, and several people lost their lives during the storm. Citation: Hurricane Recovery in Tidewater Virginia: A Partial Report on Red Cross Relief and Rehabilitation in the Area Damaged by Wind and Tidal Wave on August, 23, 1933, Mathews County Red Cross Records (Barcode 1184542), Library of Virginia. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Scan It: Scan the document. What words or phrases provide information about the subject of the document? Post Activity STEM STAT: Hurricanes can have sustained rain and wind that cause widespread damage across large areas. Where do hurricanes form? Why do they travel across oceans and follow somewhat predictable patterns? Consider how currents impact developing storms and the number of densely populated coastal communities when writing your response. Current Connections: Hurricanes are more frequent and stronger that in the past. What can be done to make hurricane prone coastal areas safer? Why might it be important to preserve parts of coastal areas? Explain. Standards Social Studies: VS.9, USII.5, VUS.8 Science: 1.7, 2.6, 3.8, 4.4, 6.6, ES.12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hurricane Recovery in Tidewater Virginia: A Partial Report on Red Cross Relief and Rehabilitation in the Area Damaged by Wind and Tidal Wave, 1933 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933 Economics Popular Culture https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/6fa5e9ab27efbd0b325c3f8dfa922be6.jpg 51f44e9f3edab7436012b1bf2ea606e5 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/0cfbc157ae6f51ba7b01513d85f41960.pdf 89bf46e1e1737ade493b49d0b407f8ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context During World War II, the American government asked civilians to participate in the war effort. A common way for the government to communicate with civilians was through posters hung in public places. Inspirational, informative, and instructive, the posters were a major part of the war effort to spur Virginians and other Americans to action. In addition to activities like buying war bonds and collecting scrap metal, people were asked to conserve food and to plant "Victory Gardens." The idea of growing a victory garden was not new, as they had been encouraged during World War I. During the Second World War, fresh, canned, and processed foods were sent abroad to feed the troops and allies. On the home front, certain foods were rationed during the war. Victory Gardens supplemented a family’s diet and demonstrated solidarity with the troops. Canning food at home was one way to preserve fruits and vegetables for use throughout the year. This poster was created to inspire those on the home front to see the canning of home grown food as part of their job to support of the war effort. Citation: Office of War Information. Can All You Can. It's a Real War Job! Washington, D.C. , 1943, Prints & Photographs, Special Collections, Library of Virginia Standards Social Studies: K.4, K.8, 2.1, 2.2, 2.13, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 Science: BIO.1, CH.1 Art: 4.1, 4.3, 5.1, 5.3 Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at It: Look at the poster. What do you think the poster's purpose is? Is it an effective image? Post Activities STEM Stat: The two most common canning methods are hot water canning and pressure canning in which fruits or vegetables are put in jars and then placed into a pot of boiling water or into a pressure cooker. Certain fruits and vegetables are more acidic than others, which is why there are several methods to preserving food. The hot water and pressure canning methods also help control for unwanted microorganisms that could make people sick. If you were new to the canning of food, where might you go for information? How would you test your preservation methods to ensure your food is safe to eat? Artistic Expression: Create another poster which supports the idea of families growing their own food to support the efforts of the military during World War II. Briefly explain why you chose your design and images. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Can all you can. It's a real war job! WWII Poster, 1943 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Economics Government and Civics Military History