3 10 23 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/c24273793ef2af76d929111e674e2893.jpg fc1e19ca4b6651f822ebc06efd17aef1 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/6e912ccf814427b7d7ec9dda36bedcb1.pdf 2f7f0e34c3d2711421b962477cdba071 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context During World War II booklets were published to assist homemakers provide for their families and meet the requirements of the wartime ration system created after the U.S. entered the war in December 1941. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8875 established the Office of Price Administration (OPA) on August 28, 1942. The OPA regulated the prices of most goods and limited the amount available for purchase across the country. Goods such as gasoline, tires, coal, sugar, coffee, meat, dairy, silk, and shoes were rationed as they were needed for the war effort. Moreover, because trade was disrupted by the war, some items became scarce. The government allotted “points” to each person, including infants, in the form of stamps that had to be given to the store employee when purchasing rationed items. By the end of 1945, sugar was the only remaining product still rationed. The wartime rationing program ended in June 1947 as products became more readily available. Many companies, like the Kelvinator Appliance Company, printed materials to help homemakers make the most of what was available within the wartime ration point system. As this image depicts, meat was in short supply, and rabbit could be used as a substitute in a variety of recipes. Other suggestions in these publications might offer tips on stretching sugar rations, including substituting corn syrup or honey, and how to make one-crust pies rather than two-crust pies. Publications like those put out by Kelvinator would have been available in Virginia and homemakers across the state could have used them to find solutions to provide for their families. Citation: A suggested means of saving ration points—using rabbit for the meat dish. From a “Helps for Homemakers” booklet produced by Kelvinator ca. 1943–1945. Jessee Family Papers, Accession 50402, Library of Virginia. Suggested Questions Preview Activity Take a Look: Look at the image. What stands out to you? What do you think the image represents? Post Activities Current Connections: During the coronavirus pandemic many household items such as cleaning products and toilet paper were in short supply. What are some ways people saved resources while providing necessary items for themselves or their families? Up for Debate: How do you think women of today's generation would feel about a booklet such as this one? Would it be considered helpful? Insulting? Prepare an opening argument in which you state your position and be prepared to share it with the class or in small groups. Art Exploration: Design a similar handbook page that might be used today if a rationing system were to become needed. Select a food product to be used as the basis for your design. Standards Social Studies: VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 Art: 4.1, 5.1 Content Warning Accounts for problematic historic language and images. Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; and gender and sexual orientation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Helps For Homemakers Booklet, ca. 1943–1945 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1943 Economics Popular Culture Women's History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/564d6172de944183ecee416396ab70d2.jpg aa27a397540f1521acfe8c18e4ddfe49 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/b11587bfaca47b30489c0715b409b543.pdf ebeb054f059106bff680ca1163b0d585 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context During World War II, the United States Army established a unit that enabled women to fill non-combat roles. Prior to the creation of this unit women mostly served as nurses supporting combat troops. In May 1941, Rep. Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts introduced a bill to establish a women's corps of the U.S. Army. The bill gained support after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, becoming law on May 15, 1942. The law established the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), which provided official status and salary, but few of the benefits afforded to male soldiers. In July 1943, after thousands of women had enlisted, the Army changed the name to the Women's Army Corps (WAC) and granted members full military benefits. Despite initial public resistance, the WAC succeeded in taking over clerical, radio, electrical, and air-traffic control positions. More than 150,000 American women served in the Women's Army Corps during World War II. In 1980, 16,000 women who had joined as WACs were granted veteran's benefits. Second Lieutenant Alice C. Thompson was one such woman who served in the WAC unit. She is shown in the image with her Women's Army Corps Honor Platoon. The platoon received Good Conduct Ribbons during WAC Day on February 19, 1944 in Newport News. The ribbons were awarded to enlisted personnel who had completed at least one year of exemplary behavior while serving in the United States Army. Citation: United States Army Signal Corps. 2d Lt. Alice C. Thompson, L-201903. Newport News, Va.: U.S. Army Signal Corps, Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation, 1944. Prints & Photographs, Special Collections, Library of Virginia. Standards Social Studies: K.4, 2.2, 3.9, VS.10, USII.6, VUS.14 English: 4.7, 5.7 Suggested Questions Preview Activity Scan It: Look at the photo of the WAC soldiers and examine their uniforms, posture, and facial expressions. What does this image reveal about the women and their roles during World War II? Post Activities Up for Debate: The WAC is not always mentioned in textbook accounts of America during World War II. Do you think that textbook publishers should make a more concerted effort to portray women in the military? Write a short opening statement in which you express your views. Be prepared to share with the class or in small groups. Form an Opinion: Write a letter home to your parents or a friend as if you were a member of the original WAAC who was not receiving the full benefits granted to your male counterparts. In your letter include why you are entitled to equal benefits, what you would like to be seen done to remedy the situation, and how your family might support your efforts to get benefits. Social Media Spin: Create a post, tweet, or short video in which you show support for the women serving in the WAC. Be sure to include relevant information about their contributions to the war effort. Content Warning Accounts for problematic historic language and images. Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; and gender and sexual orientation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2d Lt. Alice C. Thompson, L-201903, Photograph, 1944 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Military History Women's History https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/27339658e937214947ed185440a77cbf.jpg 81a58d269090a9f889186d22a4272827 https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/educator-resources/dbva/files/original/771c7074b8f3577d254e3e9358d3cd81.pdf b81dbbcd4c15cd8d0a3204e1595b6f0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Beyond the toll it took on the nation, the Great Depression helped to shape modern-day America, especially in expanding the role of government in citizens' everyday lives. The circumstances of the Depression spurred President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal initiatives that included the Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Farm Security Administration, and the Social Security Administration to assist the unemployed, farmers, and the elderly. World War II helped not only to bring the nation out of the Depression, but also put the United States on the world stage as a superpower. Unlike previous administrations, both Roosevelt and President Harry S. Truman placed the United States on a path to leadership in worldwide conflicts and reform movements. The war changed the role of women as they entered the workforce while American men went to war. Events such as the bombing at Pearl Harbor, liberation of concentration camps, the use of atomic bombs, and the rise of the Soviet Union as a superpower shaped future American foreign policy. Learn more in the <a title="This external link will open in a new window." href="http://www.nchs.ucla.edu/history-standards/us-history-content-standards/united-states-era-8" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">National U.S. History Content Standards</a> Title A name given to the resource The Great Depression and World War II Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1929 - 1945 Lesson Plan A resource that gives a detailed description of a course of instruction. Context The United States produced many posters exhorting people to join the armed forces during World War II, as the need for soldiers, sailors, and pilots was critical. Often, the Office of War Information designed and circulated these posters, which were displayed in public places around the country to generate support for the war. This one, however, has no identifying markings that explain its provenance, and it may have been produced within the Commonwealth of Virginia. In this poster, the image and words of Robert E. Lee are used to encourage Virginians to join the Lee Navy Volunteers. Using the leader of the Confederate army to recruit Virginia’s men to join the Navy may seem unusual. It succeeded, however, and 650 white men enlisted during the summer of 1942, making this the second most successful recruitment campaign in the history of the United States Navy. The men mustered in Richmond and marched to the Robert E. Lee statue on Monument Avenue, where they saluted the statue of the secessionist general as the U.S. Navy Band played “Dixie.” In September 1942, the Lee Navy recruits completed a five-week military training regimen before being assigned to ships in the United States fleet, mostly in support roles. The recruitment effort clearly targeted white men. Like schools and many public spaces in Virginia and across the South, the military was segregated. (It was not until President Harry S. Truman's 1948 executive order that the armed forces ended segregation.) The Red Cross even segregated blood during the war. This kind of discrimination prompted a major civil rights effort during World War II, when Black men and women employed the "Double V for Victory" slogan—victory for democracy abroad and democracy at home. Referencing the V for Victory campaign of the US government, Black volunteers demanded the right to participate as equals in the war effort, calling out the hypocrisy of the American government in allowing segregation. Black Virginians could point to this type of recruitment campaign as evidence of inequality during the war, as it appealed for white men and mustered on Monument Avenue, which was located in a white segregated neighborhood. Citation: I Fought for Virginia – Now it's Your Turn! Join the Lee Navy Volunteers, ca. 1942, Lab# 08-0770-01, WWII Poster Collection, Visual Studies Collection, Library of Virginia. Standards Social Studies: VS.10, USII.5, USII.6, VUS.14 Art: 4.1, 5.1 Suggested Questions Preview Activity Look at it: Look at the poster. What images do you see? Why do you think these images were chosen? Post Activities Take a Stand: You are a journalist for the Richmond Afro-American newspaper in 1942. How would you describe this poster to your audience? What would you say, and why? Up for Debate: Do you think it is appropriate to use the image of Lee, or any Confederate, for military recruitment or to instill a patriotic action? Why or why not? Art Exploration: You are an artist creating a recruitment poster during World War II. What imagery and language would you use, and why? Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I fought for Virginia — Now it's your turn! Join the Lee Navy Volunteers, World War II Poster, 1942 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1942 Government and Civics Military History Popular Culture