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The period of first contact between Indigenous people and English colonists in 1607 until the end of Bacon’s Rebellion can be described as a time featuring periods of intermittent uneasy coexistence and warfare. When Captain John Smith explored the…
After the Soviet Union launched a test nuclear missile in 1949, the "Cold War" between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. intensified. As each superpower stockpiled more nuclear weapons, the United States fashioned scenarios about what might happen if the…
Historically, coal has been one of Virginia’s most valuable natural resources. The first coal mines were developed after deposits were discovered early in the 1700s in Chesterfield County. Although Chesterfield exported the most coal before the Civil…
In the eighteenth century, Virginia's location on the mid-Atlantic seaboard was a key point along colonial trade routes, communication corridors, and military supply lines. Virginia also boasted natural harbors and successful ports in the areas of…
During the American Revolution, many ordinary people took extraordinary actions in defiance of the British government. From Paul Revere’s ride to warn Massachusetts residents about British troops on the move to Kate Barry’s trek through the South…
After the U.S. Supreme Court determined in 1896 that “separate but equal” was not unconstitutional in Plessy v. Ferguson, southern state legislatures passed a flurry of segregation laws. In truth, Virginia had already begun codifying segregation in…
The battle to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was a key component of the women’s rights movement in the 1970s. The amendment, first proposed in 1923, said “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States…
Henry Box Brown gained fame after escaping slavery in Richmond in 1849. Although many others self-emancipated to freedom, Brown is the only person documented to have shipped himself to freedom. He used his fame to speak out against slavery as a…
Although he is one of the best-known leaders of the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin spent years attemping to encourage Americans and the British government to better understand the other before war broke out. Born in 1706, Benjamin Franklin…
In October 1859, white abolitionist John Brown led an armed raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), in an attempt to overthrow the system of slavery. Sixteen people died in the raid. Brown and six of his…