Dictionary of Virginia Biography: Source list

• Age 17 on August 3, 1850, and identification of mother in U. S. Census, Cumberland Co., Fayetteville District, N.C., 1850, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Age 47 on June 19, 1880 in U. S. Census, Washington, District of Columbia, 1880, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Marriage date in George Worthington, comp., The Genealogy of the Worthington Family (1894), 316
• Physical description in Cleveland Morning Leader, July 4, 1860 (first quotation)
• Accounts of mental health reported in Washington Daily Record, July 6, 1876, and Washington Evening Star, September 6, 1877
• Death date and age 51 in Death Certificate, Vital Statistics Office, Washington, D.C.
• Paul E. Sluby Sr., Graceland Cemetery, Washington, D.C.: Brief History and Records of Interments, 1872–1894 (2010), entry 6557 (age 51 on December 25, 1884) and pages viii–ix
• Constance E. H. Daniel, "Two North Carolina Families—The Harrises and the Richardsons," Negro History Bulletin 13 (1949), esp. 3–6

• J. Dennis Harris, A Summer on the Borders of the Caribbean Sea (1860)
• C. Peter Ripley et al, eds., The Black Abolitionist Papers, Volume 2, Canada, 1830–1865 (1986), esp. 437–440

• Correspondence, medical examination, and manuscript "Sketch of Autobiography," in J. D. Harris File, Personal Papers of Medical Officers and Physicians, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Entry 561, Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Correspondence and some signed monthly reports in Records of the Field Officers for the State of Virginia, Bureau of Refugees, Freedman, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872, Record Group 105, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Harris listed in monthly Returns of Commissioned Medical Officers and Physicians in Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia, 1865–1869, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Orders for Commitment, Detention, and Discharge, 1828–1877 and Minutes of the Board of Regents, South Carolina Lunatic Asylum, 1828–1871, South Carolina Department of Mental Health Records, South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia, South Carolina
• Philadelphia Christian Recorder, July 9, 1864
• Charleston News, February 26, 1870
• Columbia, S.C., Daily Phoenix, November 26, 1870 (fourth quotation)
• Margaret Humphreys, Intensely Human: The Health of the Black Soldier in the American Civil War (2008), 64–66

• Nomination for lieutenant governor in Daily Richmond Whig, March 11, 1869; March 12, 1869
• Speech reported in Richmond Daily Dispatch, May 29, 1869 (second and third quotations)
• Election returns in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870) "Summary of the Results of the election for Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and Attorney General of the State of Virginia, held on the sixth (6th) day of July, 1869," 5
• Jack P. Maddex Jr., The Virginia Conservatives, 1867–1879: A Study in Reconstruction Politics (1970), 73–83
• Richard Lowe, Republicans and Reconstruction in Virginia, 1856–70 (1991), 164–179

• Birth and death dates and parents' names in Robert B. Miller, "Hawxhurst Family," New York Genealogical and Biographical Record (1902), 33:26.
• William Wade Hinshaw, Encyclopedia of American Quaker Genealogy (1940), 3:415.

• Election to Convention of 1867–1868 in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 427, Accession 38055, Record Group 13, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.
• Journal of the Constitutional Convention Which Convened at Alexandria on the 13th Day of February, 1864 (1864), first quotation on 43.
• Testimony in Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 39th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives Report No. 30, part 2, pp. 20–22.
• Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Virginia Assembled at the City of Richmond, Tuesday, December 3, 1867 (1868), third quotation on 504.
• Richard G. Lowe, "Virginia's Reconstruction Convention: General Schofield Rates the Delegates," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 80 (1972): 345, 350.
• Richard L. Hume, "The Membership of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868: A Study of the Beginnings of Congressional Reconstruction in the Upper South," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 86 (1978): 482.

• Washington, D.C., Evening Star, June 5, 1861 (election to Wheeling Convention).
• New York Herald, July 1, 1861 (party nomination to House of Delegates).
• Alexandria Gazette, January 23, 1864 (election to Convention of 1864); June 13, 1865 (second quotation).
• Richmond Daily Dispatch, March 25, 1868 (charge against Underwood).

• Richard Lowe, Republicans and Reconstruction in Virginia, 1856–70 (1991).
• Sara B. Bearss, "Restored and Vindicated: The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1864," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 122 (2014): 156–181.

• Death notice in Alexandria Gazette, April 18, 1881.

Biographical Information 
 

• Amelia County Register of Free Negroes, 1855–1865, with age forty on November 22, 1855, and age forty-five on October 25, 1860, Local Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• Poll Book District No. 5, County of Amelia, 1867, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Military Rule Election Records (1867, 1869), Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Amelia County Deed Books, 42:277, 676–677, 46:84, 48:137–138, 49:151, 50:555.

• Amelia County Order Book 52:41, 382.

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 20.

• Kathleen Halverson Hadfield and W. Cary McConnaughey, eds., Historical Notes on Amelia County, Virginia (1982), 490.

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Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 6 (1873), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1874 sess.), 41, 93, 119.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1874–1875 sess.), 60–61, 97, 108, 326, 332.

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Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, November 6, 1871; July 25, 1873; November 6, 1873.

• Richmond Daily State Journal, August 19, 1873, February 13, 1874.

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Obituary 
 

• Date of death at age eighty-five in Richmond Planet, September 23, 1905.

Biographical Information 
 

• Birth date in Charles E. Hodges's April 1866 deposition about loss of property in Julia Hodges v. James Bonney, enclosed in Thomas P. Jackson to A. S. Flagg Apr. 10, 1866, Records of the Field Offices for the State of Virginia (1865–1872), Norfolk Subdivision, Letters Received, March–June 1866, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1913, Roll 141, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Wives and children documented in U.S. Census Schedules, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.:
  • Princess Anne Co., Virginia, 1850, 1900 (with May 1819 birth date), 1910 (last known mention on April 29).
  • Kings Co., New York, 1860.
  • Norfolk Co., Virginia, 1870, 1880.

• Third marriage in Marriage Register, Norfolk Co., Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia, and reported in Norfolk Virginian, Sept. 30, 1888.

• Charles Hodges v. Willis Hodges, Princess Anne Co. Chancery Causes, 1851-033, Library of Virginia.

• Lawsuit against Hodges in R. J. Neely, William Neely, and John R. Neely v. Charles E. Hodges and Lydia A. Williams, Norfolk Co. Chancery Causes, 1888-044, Library of Virginia.

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 21, portrait on 31.

• Willard B. Gatewood Jr., ed., Free Man of Color: The Autobiography of Willis Augustus Hodges (1982).

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Political Career 
 

• 1869 election return in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 24.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 7, 1869; July 10, 1869.

• Norfolk Journal, July 7, 1869; July 8, 1869.

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Religious Career 
 

• License to perform marriages in Norfolk Co. Minute Book 36:167.

• Private Laws of the State of North Carolina…1869–'70 (1870), 2:152–153.

• Proceedings of the Baptist State Convention of North Carolina…1875 (1875), 22.

Biographical Information 
 

• Sept. 1841 birth date and last known mention on June 13, 1900, in United States Census Schedules, Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York, 1900, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Brief biographical note in Washington, D.C., New National Era, Sept. 15, 1870.

• References to John Q. Hodges and John H. Rhodes filed together in Compiled Service Military Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served With the U.S. Colored Troops, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Possible first marriage reported in Nelson-Hodges Papers (1773–1936), Genealogical Vertical Files, Brooklyn Historical Society, Brooklyn, N.Y.

• 1873 marriage reported in Marriage Register, Norfolk County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia, and in Norfolk Virginian, July 1, 1873.

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Norfolk County Chancery Causes 
 

• Emily Hodges v. Committee of William J. Hodges, 1867-012, Library of Virginia.

• Emily Hodges v. Committee of William J. Hodges, 1867-017, Library of Virginia.

• Lewis Tucker, John Tucker and James Bright and Clotilda His Wife v. Edward Tucker, Infant Under Twenty-one Years of Age, 1874-034, Library of Virginia.

• J. S. Stubbs v. Heirs of Emily Hodges, 1877-016, Library of Virginia.

• John Q. Hodges v. Lewis Tucker et al., 1888-008, Library of Virginia.

• James Bright et al. v. William J. Hodges and John Quincy Hodges, 1888-042, Library of Virginia, containing numerous important documents, including a Sept. 1867 deposition of Hodges.

• James Bright and Clotilda Bright v. the Unknown Heirs of Jno. Q. Hodges, decd et al., 1892-019, Library of Virginia.

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Political Activity 
 

• General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 29.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 10, 1869; July 13 1869.

Biographical Information 
 

• Numerous references in Willard B. Gatewood Jr., ed., Free Man of Color: The Autobiography of Willis Augustus Hodges (1982), with 1802 or 1803 year of birth on 9.

• Brief but unreliable biographical article in Brooklyn Evening Star, August 8, 1862, reprinted from Brooklyn Times.

• Age fifty-one (born ca. 1803 or 1804) and English-born wife named in the Census of the State of New York, Brooklyn City, 1855.

• Age sixty-nine (born 1800 or 1801) in United States Census Schedules, Norfolk Co., 1870, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Numerous references in Records of the Field Offices for the State of Virginia (1865–1872), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1913, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C, including Thomas P. Jackson to A. S. Flagg, Sept. 21, 1865 (first quotation) and Oct. 9, 1865 (second quotation).

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Political Activity 
 

• Signature on Dec. 14, 1841, petition to House of Representatives, Records of the U. S. House of Representatives, Record Group 233, HR27A-H1.6, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Equal Suffrage. Address from the Colored Citizens of Norfolk, Va., to the People of the United States.&helip; (1865), 9, unnumbered final page.

• Minutes of Oct. 15 and 26, 1865, meetings of school trustees enclosed in Thomas P. Jackson to G. W. Whipple, Oct. 26, 1865, American Missionary Society Archives, Amistad Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Court Cases 
 

• First conviction and escape in Norfolk Co. Superior Court of Law Order Book 4:369, and American Beacon, Norfolk and Portsmouth Daily Advertiser, April 18, 1829 and May 1, 1829.

• New York indictment and trial reported in Brooklyn Evening Star, November 19, 29, 1842; December 15, 1842; April 19, 1843.

• Pardon recorded in Secretary of the Commonwealth Executive Journal (1865–1867), 243, Accession 35185, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia (third quotation).

• Second conviction and imprisonment recorded in Norfolk Co. Minute Book 37:31–34, 36, 97–98, 103, 111, 116–117, and Norfolk Virginian, February 23, 25, 1871; May 16, 20, 31, 1871; July 15, 1871.

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Norfolk County Chancery Causes 
 

• Widow of James Cuffee v. William J. (alias Johnson) Hodges, 1867-011 (fourth quotation), Library of Virginia.

• Emily Hodges v. Committee of William J. Hodges, 1867-012, Library of Virginia.

• Emily Hodges v. Committee of William J. Hodges, 1867-017, Library of Virginia.

• Lewis Tucker, John Tucker and James Bright and Clotilda His Wife v. Edward Tucker, Infant Under Twenty-one Years of Age, 1874-034, Library of Virginia.

• J. S. Stubbs v. Heirs of Emily Hodges, 1877-016, Library of Virginia.

• John Q. Hodges v. Lewis Tucker et al., 1888-008, Library of Virginia.

• James Bright et al. v. William J. Hodges and John Quincy Hodges, 1888-042, Library of Virginia, containing numerous important documents, including a Sept. 1867 deposition of Hodges, giving his age as sixty-three (born 1803 or 1804), and second marriage date.

• James Bright and Clotilda Bright v. the Unknown Heirs of Jno. Q. Hodges, decd et al., 1892-019, Library of Virginia.

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Obituaries 
 

• Death notice with date of death in Norfolk Virginian, September 16, 1872 (fifth quotation).

• Autobiographical material in James W. Hunnicutt, The Conspiracy Unveiled. The South Sacrificed; or The Horrors of Secession (1863), iii–x (quotation on 23)
• Birth and death dates on gravestone
• First marriage recorded in Emma R. Matheny and Helen K. Yates, comps., Marriages of Lunenburg County, Virginia, 1746–1853 (1967), 64 (original bonds are no longer extant)
• Second marriage in Marriage Register, Fredericksburg, 1854, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia
• Middle name given in Fredericksburg Ministers Returns, 1854, printed in Therese A. Fisher, Marriage Records of the City of Fredericksburg and the County of Stafford, Virginia: 1851–1900 (1994), p. 167
• Congressional testimony in Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session Thirty-Ninth Congress (1866), Part II, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 149–151

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, March 14, 1861
• Fredericksburg Christian Banner, May 17, 1862; May 27, 1862; July 2, 1862
• Richmond New Nation, March 22, 1866; August 8, 1867; August 22, 1867; December 4, 1868; December 18, 1868

• Debates and Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Virginia, Assembled at the City of Richmond, Tuesday, December 3, 1867… [1868], esp. 215–260, 310–338
• Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Virginia, Convened in the City of Richmond, December 3, 1867… [1868], 28–29, 389
• Documents of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Virginia [1868], 155–156
• Richard L. Hume, "Membership of the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868: A Study of the Beginnings of Congressional Reconstruction in the Upper South," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 86 (1978): 461–484, esp. 482
• Richard G. Lowe, "Virginia's Reconstruction Convention: General Schofield Rates the Delegates," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 80 (1972): 346
• Richard G. Lowe, Republicans and Reconstruction in Virginia, 1857–70 (1991)

• New York Times, October 10, 1880
• Alexandria Gazette, October 11, 1880
• Washington, D.C., People's Advocate, October 16, 1880

• Dumas Malone, Jefferson and his Time, 6 vols. (1948–1981).
• Merrill D. Peterson, Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation: A Biography (1970).
• Norman K. Risjord, Thomas Jefferson (1994).
• R. B. Bernstein, Thomas Jefferson (2003).
• Kevin J. Hayes, The Road to Monticello: The Life and Mind of Thomas Jefferson (2008).
• Jon Meacham, Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power (2012).
• Contemporary likenesses in Alfred L. Bush, The Life Portraits of Thomas Jefferson (1962; rev. ed., 1987).

• Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
• Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Mass.
• Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
• National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, Calif.
• Missouri History Museum, Saint Louis, Mo.
• Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va.
• American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Penn.
• Executive Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1779–1781), Accession 44393, Library of Virginia.

• Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ). For a digital edition, see the American Founding Era Collection of the University of Virginia Press and the Founders Online portal of the National Archives.
• J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ). For a digital edition, see the American Founding Era Collection of the University of Virginia Press and the Founders Online portal of the National Archives.
• The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Second Series consisting of:
• Dickinson W. Adams and Ruth W. Lester, eds., Jefferson's Extracts from the Gospels (1983).
• Wilbur Samuel Howell, ed., Jefferson's Parliamentary Writings (1988).
• Douglas L. Wilson, ed., Jefferson's Literary Commonplace Book (1989).
• James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, eds., Jefferson's Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767–1826, 2 vols. (1997).

• Thomas Jefferson Architect: Original Designs in the Collection of Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, Junior with an Essay and Notes by Fiske Kimball (1916), which contains facsimiles of the architectural drawings.
• Edwin Morris Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book, 1766–1824 (1944).
• Edwin Morris Betts, ed., Thomas Jefferson's Farm Book (1953).
• Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden (1955).
• Lester J. Cappon, ed., The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams, 2 vols. (1959).
• Extended legal argument by Jefferson in Bernard Schwartz with Barbara Wilcie Kern and R. B. Bernstein, eds., Th: Jefferson and Bolling v. Bolling: Law and the Legal Profession in Pre-Revolutionary America (1997).
• "Jefferson Quotes and Family Letters," online resource contains numerous descriptions of Jefferson and his activities by his relatives.

• "chosen people of God…" in Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, ed. William Peden (1955), 165.
• "my first wish…" in Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ), 23:435–436.
• "honorable and easy" in Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ), 29:362
• "unbridled madness" in J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ), 12:246
• "we are all republicans…" in Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ), 33:149.
• "distressing burthen of power" in J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ), 1:103.
• "a bantling of 40. years…" in J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ), 12:263.
• "wolf by the ear" and "fire bell in the night" in Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820, Thomas Jefferson Papers, Series I: General Correspondence (1651–1827), Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
• "If Jefferson was wrong…" in James Parton, Life of Thomas Jefferson: Third President of the United States (1874), iii.

Primary Sources 
 

• Birth and death dates, parents' names (father's name given as James Johnson), and burial in Death Certificate, Amelia County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia

• Family data in United States Census Schedules, Amelia County, 1870, 1880, 1900, and 1910, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Amelia County Deed Books 48, 51, and 53, Library of Virginia

• Amelia County Land Tax Returns, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia

• County office holding documented in Amelia County Order Books 48, 49, 50, and 52, Library of Virginia

• 1889 election in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, no. 66, Accession 26040, State Government Records Collecion, Library of Virginia

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1889–90 (1890), esp. 41, 175

Secondary Sources 
 

• Brief biography (father's name given as David Johnson) in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 22.

Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Dispatch, October 1, 1889; December 18, 1889

Biographical Information 
 

• Some correspondence and numerous references in Records of the Field Offices for the State of Virginia (1865–1872), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1913, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C., especially Anderson Scott's will in King William Courthouse Subordinate Field Office, Roll 98, and accounts of the shooting of Jones, Rolls 98 and 99 (with age "just past 35 years" and quotation in B. F. Jones to General, July 11, 1867, Roll 99).

• United States Census Schedules, Richmond City, 1870 (age thirty-five), King William Co., 1880 (age fifty), 1900 (January 1835 birth date and age sixty-five), and 1910 (age seventy-six), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Some family information in William Henry Scott Etc. v. B. F. Jones Etc., King William Co. Chancery Cause 1896-012.

• King William Co. Deed Book 1:148–149.

• Personal Property Tax Returns, (1866–1911, last year listed) and Land Tax Returns, (1871–1884), both King William Co., Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Biography with death "about 1880" in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 22–23.

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Political Career 
 

• Summary of the Result of the Election for Members of the House of Delegates of Virginia held on the 6th day of July, 1869, 19, printed with General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District 1869 (1870).

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1869–1870 sess.), 36, 37, 54, 100, 118, 127, 175, 186, 293, 328, 348, 606–607, 610.

• Report from the Committee on Privileges and Elections, in the Contested Election Case of W. D. Pollard vs. B. F. Jones, printed as House Doc. VI with Journal of the House of Delegates (1869–1870 sess.).

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1870–1871 sess.), 123, 127, 150, 177, 387.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 8, 1869; July 12, 1869; March 9, 1870.

Biographical Information 
 

• Birth date and death date with erroneous year on gravestone, Union Baptist Church, Charles City Co.

• United States Census Schedules, Charles City County, 1850 (age twenty), 1860 (age twenty-five), 1870 (age thirty-eight in Tyler Township entry and age thirty-nine in Harrison Township entry), 1880 (age fifty), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Middle names in Richmond Whig and Public Advertiser, Oct. 24, 1871.

• Charles City County Marriage License.

• Charles City Co. District No. 1 Colored Voters, 1867, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Military Rule Election Records (1867, 1869), Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Registers of Signatures of Depositors, Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (1865–1874), Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Record Group 101, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Charles City Co. Deed Books, 11:521, 525; 12:191, 287, 479, 544; 14:691–692; 16:82–84.

• Charles City Co. Common Law Order Books, 8:203, 288, 406, 9:101, and 10:189, 214 (appointment of administrator for Jones's estate on March 15, 1900)

• John R. Waddill and R. G. W. Jones v. John B. Wallace, Charles City Co. Chancery Cause, 1900-013, Library of Virginia.

• D. C. and H. C. Creed & Co., v. R. G. W. Jones etc., Charles City Co. Chancery Cause 1902-014, Library of Virginia (with August 19, 1899, date for Lincoln National Building and Loan Association's initiated a lawsuit against Jones who was then still living).

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 23–24, with life dates presented as "(1827–1900?)."

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Political Career 
 

• Summary of the Result of the Election for Members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, Held on the 6th Day of July, 1869, 9, published in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870).

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1869–1870 sess.), 36, 37, 54, 607, 610, 615.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1870–1871 sess.), 387.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, Nov. 25, 1869; Nov. 26, 1869; July 30, 1873.

• Official Proceedings of the National Republican Conventions of 1868, 1872, 1876, and 1880 (1903), 203.

Biographical Information 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania., 1850 (with entries for Rufus Jones in Pittsburgh 6th Ward on Oct. 11, age sixteen, and Pittsburgh 8th Ward, age seventeen, on Oct. 31) and 1860 (age twenty-six), Elizabeth City Co., Virginia, 1870 (age thirty-six) and 1880 (age forty-six), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• First and second marriages (with names of parents) in Marriage Registers, Elizabeth City Co., 1869, 1878, Bureau of Vital Statistics (BVS), Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Several letters, including to R. M. Manly, April 20, 1869 (second quotation), United States Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Records of the Superintendent of Education for the State of Virginia, 1865–1870, Record Group 105, M1053, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Records of Appointment of Postmasters, Virginia, Warwick Co., Post Office Department, Record Group 28, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Warwick Co. Order Books, 1887–1891, pp. 51, 60, 109, 174, and 1895–1896, p. 11.

• Death date in Burial Registers of Military Post and National Cemeteries, Virginia: Hampton National Cemetery, Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General (1774–1985), Record Group 92, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Biography with 1835 year of birth in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 24.

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Military Career 
 

• Jones (with middle name Sibb) to Edwin M. Stanton, May 13, 1862, in Ira Berlin et al., eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867, Series 2, The Black Military Experience (1982), 83–84.

• Compiled Service Military Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served With the U.S. Colored Troops, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (1880–1901), ser. 1, vol. 46, part 1:1,237 (first quotation)–1,238.

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Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Nos. 3 (1871), 6 (1873), 10 (1875), and 9 (1877), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia, 1872–1873 session, 79 (third quotation), 124–125, 320 (fourth quotation).

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Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Weekly New Nation, December 26, 1867.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, September 23, 1870, November 14, 1871, November 5, 1873, August 20, 1875, August 21, 1875, March 17, 1881.

• Norfolk Virginian, November 9, 1870; December 28, 1870; November 5, 1875.

• Alexandria Gazette, January 7, 1874 (fifth quotation).

• Richmond Daily Whig, March 18, 1881 (sixth quotation).

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Obituaries 
 

• Norfolk Landmark, July 18, 1897 (age sixty-three at death).

• Pittsburg [Penn.] Press, August 1, 1897.

• M. A. Majors, Noted Negro Women: Their Triumphs and Activities (1893), 242
• Month and year of birth in United States Census Schedules, Richmond City, 1900, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Marriage Register, Richmond City, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia
• Daniel Smith Lamb, comp. and ed., Howard University Medical Department, Washington, D.C.: A Historical, Biographical and Statistical Souvenir (1900), p. 187–188
• Proceedings of the Medical Examining Board of Virginia, 1884–1902, Minutes and Examination Results, 1884–2006, Virginia Board of Medicine, Accession 22731, Library of Virginia
• Richmond Hospital Association incorporation in State Corporation Commission Charter Book 50:536–538, Record Group 112, Library of Virginia
• Richmond City Death Certificates, 1905, Richmond City Department of Public Health, Library of Virginia

• Sara W. Brown, "Colored Women Physicians," Southern Workman 52 (1923): 588–589.
• Hallie Q. Brown, comp. and ed., Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (1926), 247.
• K. Richmond Temple, "Sarah G. Jones: A Pioneer Physician," Richmond Quarterly 7 (winter 1984): 48–49.
• Elvatrice Parker Belsches, "Sarah Garland Boyd Jones," in African American National Biography, eds., Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (2008), 4:681-682.

• Richmond Planet, May 6, 1893 (passed examination); June 3, 1893 (practice advertised); January 26, 1895 (feature article)
• Richmond Times, February 21, 1902

• Richmond News Leader, May 11, 1905; May 17, 1905
• Washington Post, May 12, 1905
• Richmond Planet, May 13, 1905
• Roanoke Evening News, May 15, 1905

Biographical Information 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Petersburg, 1870 (age nine) and 1880 (age nineteen), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Petersburg Deed Book, 46:337–339.

• Petersburg Hustings Court Minute Book, 1887–1889, 135 (first quotation).

• Huntsville [Ala.] Gazette, August 27, 1887.

• Personal Property Tax Returns, Petersburg, 1881 (first listed at age twenty-one)–1889 (last included), Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Biography with birth in Petersburg in 1860 and northern career as railway mail clerk and lawyer in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 24.

, 
Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 19 (1885), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1885–1886 sess.), 33–34, 75, 129.

• Acts and Joint Resolutions Passed by the General Assembly of the State of Virginia (1885–1886 sess.), 34–35.

• John M. Langston v. E. C. Venable, 51st Congress, 1st session, House of Representatives Report 2462 (U.S. Serial Set 2814), 38.

• William D. Henderson, Gilded Age City: Politics, Life and Labor in Petersburg, Virginia, 1874–1889 (1980), 193–194, 197, 219.

, 
Newspapers 
 

• Petersburg Daily Index-Appeal, September 29, 1885 (second quotation); September 30, 1885; October 6, 1885; October 10, 1885; November 8, 1886.

• Richmond Dispatch, November 4, 1885, July 8, 1886.

• Alexandria Gazette, April 1, 1887.

• Stanley J. Idzerda et al., eds., Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers, 1776–1790 (1977–1983), second quotation on 4:290, 357.
• Engraving of James Lafayette with text of the marquis de Lafayette's 1784 statement reproduced beneath, ca. 1824 (fourth quotation), Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.
• Jared Sparks Collection of American Manuscripts, MS Sparks 32, Miscellaneous particulars and copies from manuscripts examined in London and Paris, 1778–1798, 2 v. (third quotation on 1:250), Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
• Lafayette's lost 1784 petition recorded in Journal of the House of Delegates, 1784–1785 sess., 54.
• Legislative Petitions, New Kent Co., November 30, 1786 (first quotation) and December 28, 1818 (fifth quotation, "age of Three score years & ten"), Accession 36121, Library of Virginia.
• Lafayette's emancipation in William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature, in the Year 1619 . . . (1809–1823), 12:380–381.
• Lafayette's pension in Acts Passed at a General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia . . . , 1818–1819 sess., 188.
• Land Tax Returns, New Kent County, 1816, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.
• Date and place of death in Revolutionary War Pension Records, APA Inventory Entry No. 230, and date of death in Revolutionary War Pension Rolls, 1786–1851, vol. 2, APA Inventory Entry No. 232, both in Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Lost issue of Richmond Compiler excerpted in Salem (Mass.) Gazette, October 8, 1824 (sixth quotation).
• Richmond Enquirer, October 29, 1824

• James E. Heath, Edge-Hill, or, The Family of the Fitzroyals, A Novel (1828), 2:224.
• Luther P. Jackson, "James Lafayette, Spy in the American Revolution," Norfolk Journal and Guide, National Ed., November 20, 1943.
• John Salmon, "'A Mission of the most secret and important kind': James Lafayette and American Espionage in 1781," Virginia Cavalcade 31 (1981): 78–85.

Biographical Information 
 

• John Mercer Langston, From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol, or The First and Only Negro Representative in Congress from the Old Dominion (1894), first quotation on p.12, and date of marriage on p. 142–143.

• John Mercer Langston, Freedom and Citizenship: Selected Lectures and Addresses of John Mercer Langston, LL.D., U.S. Minister Resident at Haiti. With and Introductory Sketch By Rev. J.E. Rankin, D.D., of Washington (1883).

• John Mercer Langston Papers, 1846–1930, John Hope and Aurelia E. Franklin Library, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee.

• John Mercer Langston Collection, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C.

• Ira Berlin et al, eds., Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861–1867, Series II, The Black Military Experience (1982), 92–93, 346–347.

• Langston Hughes, The Collected Works of Langston Hughes, Vol. 9, Essays on Art, Race, Politics, and World Affairs, ed. Christopher C. DeSantis (2002), p. 324 (third quotation).

, 
Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute 
 

• Hon. John Mercer Langston and the Virginia Normal & Collegiate Institute: His Call and Commission (n.d.), Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Ettrick, Virginia.

• John Mercer Langston, "Annual Report of the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute to the Board of Education of the State of Virginia," in Sixteenth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Year Ending July 31, 1886 (1886).

• John Mercer Langston, "Annual Report of the Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute for the Fiscal Year 1886–'7" in Seventeenth Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Virginia… (1887).

, 
Political Career 
 

• 1888 and 1890 election results in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Election Record No. 92, Accession 26042, Barcode 1144518, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• John M. Langston vs. E. C. Venable, 51st Congress, 1st session, House Report 2462.

• Congressional Record, 51st Congress, 1st session (1889), 10338–10339.

• Congressional Record, 51st Congress, 2d session (1891), esp. 828, 1479–1482 (second quotation on 1481), 3490–3493.

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Secondary Sources 
 

• Alan B. Bromberg, "John Mercer Langston: Black Congressman from the Old Dominion," Virginia Cavalcade 30 (1980): 60–67.

• William Francis Cheek, "Forgotten Prophet: The Life of John Mercer Langston," Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1961.

• William F. Cheek, "A Negro Runs for Congress: John Mercer Langston and the Virginia Campaign of 1888," Journal of Negro History 52 (1967): 14–34.

• William F. Cheek, "John Mercer Langston: Black Protest Leader and Abolitionist," Civil War History 16 (1970): 101–120.

• William Cheek and Aimee Lee Cheek, John Mercer Langston and the Fight for Black Freedom, 1829–65 (1989).

• Luis-Alejandro Dinnella-Borrego, "From the Ashes of the Old Dominion: Accommodation, Immediacy, and Progressive Pragmatism in John Mercer Langston's Virginia," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 117 (2009): 215–249.

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Newspapers 
 

• Petersburg Daily Index-Appeal, August 20, 1888; August 23, 1888

• Richmond Planet, September 27, 1890

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Obituaries 
 

• Washington Post, November 16, 1897; November 19, 1897 (account of funeral)

• Richmond Planet, November 20, 1897 (editorial tribute)

• Washington Bee, November 20, 1897

• New York Sun, November 21, 1897

Biographical Information 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Elizabeth City Co., 1870 (age 39; with second wife's name as Nelly), 1880 (age 45), 1900 (born Nov. 1842), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Possible first wife identified in record of son Nicholas Lee's 1891 marriage in Elizabeth City County Marriage Register (1865–1908) and in Nicholas Lee's death certificate (Hampton, 1922), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Employment history in various editions of Official Register of the United States (1869–1889).

• Several references in general index to Elizabeth City County deed books.

• Personal Property Tax Returns, Elizabeth City Co., 1867–1901, with final listing in 1901 as "Alex G. Lee (sr.) (est.)," Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 24–25.

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Political Career 
 

• 1867 Poll Book, Colored, Elizabeth City County First District, Military Rule Election Records of the Virginia Secretary of the Commonwealth, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 6 (1873), 13 (1877), 14 (1879), and 24 (1887), Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, November 5, 1873; August 21, 1875.

• Norfolk Virginian, Aug. 30, 1882; Sept. 2, 1886.

• Richmond Dispatch, November 11, 1887.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1877–1878 sess.), 35–36, 104, 284–285, 369 (quotation), 434, 487, 513–514.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1878–1879 sess.), 546.

Primary Sources 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Powhatan Co., 1870 (age twenty-nine), 1880 (age forty-six), 1900 (born January 1839, age sixty-one), 1910 (age seventy-two); Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Powhatan Co. Deed Books 24:492–493, 25:147–148, 279–280 (second quotation on 280), 28:14–15, 189–190, 29:128–129, 230, 372, 30:138–139, 31:67–68.

• Death Certificate (with date of death at age "about 80"), Powhatan County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Brief biography (with name mistakenly entered as Neverson Lee) in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 25.

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Secondary Sources 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, Oct. 15, 1879 (identified as "Jefferson Lewis"); Nov. 5, 1879 ("alias Jefferson Lewis"); Nov. 7, 1879; Nov. 25, 1879; Dec. 2, 1879.

• Richmond Daily Whig, March 18, 1881 ("M. Lewis").

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 14 (1879), 17 (1881), Record Group 13, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1879–1880 sess.), 30, 88–89, 218, 242, 404.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1881–1882 sess.), 30–31, 95, 263, 379.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1882 extra sess.), 91 (first quotation).

Primary Sources 
 

• Mother identified on his February 25, 1851, registration and on the 1837 and 1838 lists of free Negroes, Cumberland County Free Negro and Slave Records, 1753–1865, Local Government Records Collection, Barcodes 1156165 and 1156166, Library of Virginia

• Property holding in Cumberland County Deed Books 30:114, 332, 393–394; 32:203–204; 34:30–31; 37:84–85, 85–86, Library of Virginia

• Cumberland County Land Tax Returns, 1892 (Colored), Record Group 48, Library of Virginia

• General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 10

• Secretary of the Commonwealth Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 3 (1871), Accession 26041, barcode 1142948, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Secretary of the Commonwealth Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 2 (1873), Accession 26041, barcode 1142947, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Secretary of the Commonwealth Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 29 (1875), Accession 26041, barcode 1142967, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Secretary of the Commonwealth Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 413 (1877), Accession 38055, barcode 1149335, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Register of Deaths, Cumberland County, 1893, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia

Secondary Sources 
 

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 25–26, with portrait on 31; reprinted in Cumberland County Virginia and Its People (1987), 87

• Birth date on Virginia Department of Historic Resources highway marker, probably from family sources, printed in Scott David Arnold, comp., A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers, 3d ed. (2007), 258

Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, September 28, 1871; August 20, 21, 1875

• Richmond Daily State Journal, April 6, 1872; June 1, 19, 1872; July 12, 1872; July 26, 1873

• Washington, D.C., New National Era, August 20, 1874

• History of store in Rob Chapman, "Family, Friends Remember Life of James F. Lipscomb," Farmville Herald, September 7, 1994; reprinted in Cumberland County Virginia Historical Bulletin 10 (1995): 38