Dictionary of Virginia Biography: Source list

Biographical Information 
 

• Gordonsville Monthly Reports (1865–1866) in Records of the Field Offices in the State of Virginia, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872, Record Group 105, M1913, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Biography by a Freedmen's Bureau teacher in Freedmen's Record 4 (1868): 35–36 (giving his age as twenty-six in 1868).

• United States Census Schedules, Louisa Co., 1870 (age twenty-seven), 1880 (age thirty-five), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• First marriage and divorce recorded in William P. Lucas v. Annie Robinson Lucas, Louisa Co. Chancery Cause 1871–020, Library of Virginia.

• Second and third marriages recorded in Marriage Registers, Louisa County (age twenty-eight on Dec. 27, 1871; age thirty-three on Dec. 14, 1876), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Louisa Co. Deed Books 2:263, 473–474, 3:585, 7:672–673.

• Death Register, Louisa County (1887), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 26 (with 1843 birth date).

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Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 6 (1873), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1874 sess.), 41, 78, 178.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1874–1875 sess.), 47 (second quotation), 274, 332.

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Newspapers 
 

• Two letters by Lucas in Freedmen's Record 4 (1868): 34–35 (first quotation), and 5 (1871): 110.

• Alexandria Gazette, April 9, 1867.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, April 18, 1867; September 8, 1874, April 8, 1875, March 17, 1881.

• Richmond Daily State Journal, October 8, 1873.

• Richmond Enquirer, August 20, 1875.

• Richmond Whig and Advertiser, August 9, 1872.

• Birth and death dates on gravestone, Greenwood Memorial Park, San Diego, California
• Second marriage in Michigan Marriage Register, 1868–1925, Genesee County, Michigan Department of Community Health
• Luther Tracy Townsend, History of the Sixteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers (1897), 348–349
• Alumni Record of Wesleyan University (1911), 92 (with first marriage date)
• Manley Family Newsletter 3 (April 1984): 1–7
• Mary Patterson Manly to Virginius Douglas Johnston, May 12, 1933, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia

• Ralza Morse Manly memorial program, muster-out roll, and Richmond Educational Association minute book, all in Ralza M. Manly Collection, City Records Center, Richmond Public Library, Richmond, Virginia
• Civil War service in R. M. Manly, 1st U.S. Colored Cavalry, Compiled Service Military Records, Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Manly correspondence in:
• American Missionary Association Archives, Home Missions and Schools–Virginia, esp. 1864–1865, Amistad Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
• Records of the Superintendent of Education for the State of Virginia, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1870, Record Group 105, M1053, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Manly's reports to the Freedmen's Bureau printed in United States Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Semi-Annual Reports on Schools for Freedmen (1866–1870)
• Richmond City Council Records Nos. 16 (1866–1870), 17 (1870–1872), 18 (1873–1874; 1874–1903), Library of Virginia
• Virginia School Report, 1871: First Annual Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction... (1871), 203–204

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, May 26, 1871; May 25, 1872; October 16, 1873; November 5, 1873; May 29, 1874; October 23, 1877

• San Diego Union, September 17, 1897
• Boston Zion's Herald, November 24, 1897

• Birth date and marriage dates in Massey family bible in John Edward Massey Papers, 1819–1900, Accession 4189, 4189-a, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
• John E. Massey, Autobiography of John E. Massey, ed. Elizabeth H. Hancock (1909).
• Election to the House of Delegates in 1873 (Election Record No. 6) and 1875 (Election Record No. 10), and election to the Senate of Virginia in 1877 (Election Record No. 9) all in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Accession 26041, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.
• Report of the Special Senate Committee Appointed to Investigate Charges of Bribery and Corruption in Connection with any Member or Officer of the General Assembly, or any one Elected to Office or Position by the General Assembly at Either the Present Session or that of 1879–80, Document 22, appended to Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia: Begun on…December 7, 1881… (1881).
• Papers and Testimony in the Contested-Election Case of John E. Massey v. John S. Wise From the State of Virginia at Large, 48th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives Miscellaneous Document 27, Serial 2226, part 1 and Serial 2227, part 2.
• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1889–90 (1889), 59–60, 127.
• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1893–'94 (1894), 74.
• Hostile view of Massey by a political opponent in John S. Wise, The Lion's Skin: A Historical Novel and a Novel History (1905), esp. 310, 313–318.
• Massey's publications include:
• Baptism: Its Mode, Subjects and Design: Also, Its Relation to the Lord's Supper: An Oral Discussion between Rev. John E. Massey and Rev. J. D. Coulling held at Shiloh, near Ivy Depot, Albemarle Co., Va., from the 10th to the 14th of July, 1860 (1861).
• Debts and Taxes, or Obligations and Resources of Virginia (1875).

• George Braxton Taylor, Virginia Baptist Ministers, Fourth Series (1913), 380–385
• Richard B. Doss, "'Parson' John E. Massey, Relentless Readjuster," Papers of the Albemarle County Historical Society 11 (1950–1951): 5–18.
• Account of libel trial in Lenoir Chambers and Joseph E. Shank, Salt Water & Printer's Ink: Norfolk and Its Newspapers, 1865–1965 (1967), 167–181.

• Religious Herald, September 9, 1847
• Richmond Daily Dispatch, June 3, 1881; June 4, 1881; December 16, 1881, January 14, 1882; February 11, 1882; February 14, 1882
• Richmond Dispatch, July 31, 1885; November 4, 1885; October 2, 1890; December 16, 1891; July 28, 1895
• Richmond Times, December 3, 1897; April 21, 1901
• Washington Post, June 3, 1881; June 4, 1881; January 22, 1882; March 14, 1882

• Charlottesville Daily Progress, April 25, 1901
• Richmond Dispatch, April 25, 1901
• Religious Herald, May 2, 1901
• Virginia School Journal 10 (June 1901): 164
• Memorial in Minutes of the Seventy-Eighth Annual Session of the Baptist General Association of Virginia (1901), 85–86.

Family and Biographical Information 
 

• Petersburg Hustings Court Register of Free Negroes and Mulattoes (1839–1850), no. 3284 (with full name and age "about six" on Dec. 2, 1845).

• Family history and records and full name in Matthews v. Matthews Executor et al., Petersburg Chancery Cause 1854-038, Library of Virginia.

• Marriage in Petersburg Hustings Court Marriage Register (1854–1890) and reported in Richmond Daily State Journal, May 30, 1873 (with wife's first name erroneously written as Tanner).

• Petersburg Hustings Court Deed Books, 36:80, 38:572, 39:489–490, 628–629.

• Brief biography with age thirty-five in Richmond Daily Dispatch, Aug. 20, 1875 (reprinted in Petersburg Index and Appeal, Aug. 21, 1875).

• Family and death date documented in Thomas Scott and T. L. Bond v. Administrator of John W. Matthews et al., Petersburg Chancery Cause 1881-023, Library of Virginia.

• Family background in Luther Porter Jackson, Free Negro Labor and Property Holding in Virginia, 1830–1860 (1942), 223–225.

• Brief biography with 1840 year of birth and incorrect post-Civil War relocation to Massachusetts in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 26, 28.

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Political Career 
 

• Election Record no. 4 (1871), Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Accession 26041, Record Group 13, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1871–1872 sess.), 32, 49, 90, 195, 389–390, 410–411.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1872–1873 sess.), 35, 111.

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Newspapers 
 

• Petersburg Index, May 17, 1870.

• Petersburg Daily Progress, Oct. 26, 1871.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, Nov. 8, 1871; Nov. 9, 1871; Jan. 6 1872; March 7, 1872; April 3, 1872; April 19, 1872; Jan. 11, 1873; Jan. 17, 1873; Feb. 20, 1873; March 7, 1873; Oct. 8. 1873.

• Richmond Daily State Journal, Dec. 16, 1871; Jan. 17, 1872; Jan. 18, 1872; Jan. 26, 1872; July 6, 1872; Aug. 2, 1872; Sept. 2, 1872; Feb. 3, 1873; Feb. 14, 1873; Feb. 25, 1873; March 18, 1873; March 21, 1873.

• Alexandria Gazette, Feb. 27, 1873.

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Obituary 
 

• Death date in Petersburg Index-Appeal, July 12, 1879.

Biographical Information 
 

• Henrico County Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes (1852–1863), with age about thirteen and birth place of Powhatan County in 1855, and age eighteen and birth place of Henrico County in 1860.

• United States Census Schedules, Henrico County, 1860 (age twenty), Goochland County, 1870 (age twenty-nine), and Richmond City, 1880 (age forty), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Henrico County Deed Books 72:514–515, 105A:65–67.

• Richmond City Hustings Court Part 1, Order Book 6: 274–275, 334–335, 339, 345–346.

• Richmond city directories, 1877–1886.

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Political Career 
 

• General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the Results of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July 1869," 14.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1869–1870 sess.), 36, 37, 54, 101, 146, 249, 313, 606–607, 615.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1870–1871 sess.), 86 (first quotation), 387.

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Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, May 10, 1867; June 16, 1869; July 10, 1869, March 2, 1870, March 8, 1870, March 19, 1875; October 13, 1875; November 2, 1875.

• Richmond Daily State Journal, January 7, 1871; April 16, 1873.

• Alexandria Gazette, December 10, 1875.

• Richmond Times, February 23, 1896 (with engraving of jury and second quotation).

Biographies 
 

• William J. Simmons, Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising (1887), 314–320 ("I have no fear…" quotation on 318).

• I. Garland Penn, The Afro-American Press, and Its Editors (1891), 183–187, with date of birth.

• W. N. Hartshorn and George W. Penniman, eds., An Era of Progress and Promise, 1863–1910 (1910), 437.

• Ann Field Alexander, Race Man: The Rise and Fall of the "Fighting Editor," John Mitchell Jr. (2002).

, Primary Sources 
 

• Booker T. Washington, The Negro in Business (1907), 124–125 ("the sane and sensible business men…").

• 1921 election return count in Annual Report of the Secretary of the Commonwealth (1922), 419–422.

• Death Certificate, Richmond City, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Secondary Sources 
 

• Fitzhugh Brundage, "'To Howl Loudly': John Mitchell Jr. and His Campaign Against Lynching in Virginia," Canadian Review of American Studies 22 (1991): 325–341.

• "Born in the Wake of Freedom," Library of Virginia online exhibition (1996).

• Errol Somay, "The Fighting Editor and His Stanley Steamers" (March 1, 2013) and "Set the Way-Back Machine" (April 30, 2014), Fit to Print blog, Library of Virginia.

• Kelley Ewing, "'Stay off the cars'—The Boycott of the Virginia Passenger and Power Company," (July 27, 2012, Fit to Print blog, Library of Virginia.

• Sarah Nerney, "A Knight Unlike any Other: John Mitchell and the Knights of Pythias" (December 15, 2015), Fit to Print blog, Library of Virginia.

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Newspapers 
 

• Indianapolis Freeman, August 23, 1890 ("no stronger race man…")

• Richmond Planet, November 16, 1889 ("thought it would be a shame…"); February 8, 1890 ("The best remedy for a lyncher…"); December 5, 1891 ("…nationalized yourself"); February 3, 1894 ("Lynching is a barbarous practice…"); April 7, 1894 ("When the Negro learns…"); April 24, 1897 ("It is a fact known to man…"); April 9, 1904 ("The 'Jim-Crow street-car service…," "If the entire colored population…," and "stay off the street-cars"); July 14, 1923 ("persecuting Negro leaders…") November 20, 1937.

• Luther P. Jackson, "John Mitchell—Anti-Lynching Apostle," Norfolk Journal and Guide, Sept. 8, 1945.

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Obituaries 
 

• New York Age, December 7, 1929 (with some errors); December 21, 1929 (partial reprint of obituary published in Richmond St. Luke Herald).

• Pittsburgh Courier, December 7, 1929.

• Richmond News Leader, December 4, 1929.

• Richmond Times-Dispatch, December 4, 1929.

• Richmond Planet, December 7, 1929 (account of funeral and "Life's great adventure…" quotation in editorial tribute).

• Birth and death dates on gravestone, Monticello.
• Marriage register, First Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Md.
• John P. Kaminski et al., eds., The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution: Ratification of the Constitution by the States, vols. 8–10: Virginia (1988–1993), 10:1539, 1540, 1556.
• Election to Senate in Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1799–1800 sess., 10.
• Resignation from Senate in Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1804–1805 sess., 8–9.
• Elections as governor in Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1814–1815 sess., 61–62, and 1815–1816 sess., 24.
• Annual messages to General Assembly in Journal of the House of Delegates of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1815–1816 sess., 5–8, and 1816–1817 sess., 6–8.

• Papers of Wilson Cary Nicholas and Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, both in Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
• Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
• Wilson Cary Nicholas Executive Papers, Accession 41612, Record Group 3, Library of Virginia.
• Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ).
• J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ).
• William T. Hutchinson et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison (1962–1991).
• Robert J. Brugger et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison: Secretary of State Series (1986– ).
• Robert A. Rutland et al., eds., The Papers of James Madison: Presidential Series (1984– ).
• David N. Mayer, "Of Principles and Men: The Correspondence of John Taylor of Caroline with Wilson Cary Nicholas, 1806–1808," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 96 (1988): 345–388.

• Elinor Janet Weeder, "Wilson Cary Nicholas, Jefferson's Lieutenant" (M.A. thesis, University of Virginia, 1946).
• Victor Dennis Golladay, "The Nicholas Family of Virginia, 1722–1820" (Ph.D. diss., University of Virginia, 1973).

• Richmond Enquirer, Oct. 17, 1820
• Georgetown, D.C., National Messenger, Oct. 20, 1820

Primary Sources 
 

• Month and year of birth in United States Census Schedules, Lancaster County, 1900, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Northumberland County Register of Free Negroes, 1849–1851 [1849–1858], Library of Virginia

• E. W. Busby to O. Brown, April 1, 1867, in Reports on Prominent Whites and Freedmen, March–May 1867 in Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia (1865–1869), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1048, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• March 1, 1872, application (no. 4329) in Registers of Signatures of Depositors, Freedman's Savings and Trust Company (1865–1874), Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Record Group 101, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Second marriage in Lancaster County Marriage License, 1871, Library of Virginia

• Lancaster County Deed Books 43, 47, 48, 49, Library of Virginia

• Nickens's election to the House of Delegates in 1871 (Election Record No. 2) and 1873 (Election Record No. 3), both in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Accession 26041, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• 1883 testimony in House of Representatives, 48th Congress, 1st Session, Misc. Document No. 18, Testimony and Papers in the Contested-Election Case of George T. Garrison vs. Robert M. Mayo, from the First Congressional District of Virginia (January 10, 1884), 274–275

• Estate inventory and accounts in Lancaster County Estate Book 44:111, 116–117, Library of Virginia

Secondary Sources 
 

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 29, 60

• J. Allen Ball, "The Honorable Armistead S. Nickens, Statesman, Virginia Gentleman, Father: A Memoir," Pleasant Living 2 (Winter 1990): 16–17, 22, 25.

• Carolyn H. Jett, Lancaster County, Virginia: Where the River Meets the Bay (2003): 158, 226, 398

Newspapers 
 

• nomination speech reported in Fredericksburg Herald, August 28, 1873

• feature article with possible middle name (misspelled as Stocklas) in Norfolk Journal and Guide, April 8, 1972

Obituaries 
 

• Death notice with death date of April 26, 1906, in Irvington Virginia Citizen, May 4, 1906

• Memorial with death date of April 25, 1906, in Irvington Virginia Citizen, June 15, 1906

• Memorial by Calvary Baptist Church with no death date in Irvington Virginia Citizen, June 8, 1906

Primary Sources 
 

• Age 40 reported on July 16, 1870 in U. S. Census, Williamsburg, 1870; age 51 reported on June 5, 1880 in U. S. Census, Williamsburg, 1870, both in Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Age 80 reported in Williamsburg Virginia Gazette, November 17, 1893

• City Council career in City of Williamsburg, City Council Record Book (1879–1895), 8, 29, 50, 57, Library of Virginia

• Circuit Court City of Williamsburg, County of James City, Will Book 2, 36–37, 66–67, Library of Virginia

• Election result in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 18

• Virginia General Assembly, House of Delegates, House Documents, Document 12, "Report of the Committee of Privileges and Elections in the Contested Election Case of Chas. W. Buttz, vs. F. S. Norton" (1870)

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1869–70 (1870), esp. 189, 220, 606, 615

, 
Secondary Sources 
 

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 30

, 
Newspapers 
 

• Alexandria Gazette, November 26, 1869

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, November 25, 1869; September 29, 1882; September 28, 1883; November 18, 1883

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Obituaries 
 

• Williamsburg Virginia Gazette, November 17, 1893 (with death date of November 14, 1893)

• Richmond Dispatch, November 17, 1893 (with variant death date of November 15, 1893)

Biographical Information 
 

• Short biography with undocumented birth date of 3 May 1838 in The Old Dominion. A Monthly Magazine of Literature, Science and Art (June 15, 1870): 363

• Age 24 on June 3, 1865, Massachusetts State Census, Massachusetts Archives, Boston, Massachusetts

• Age 30 on August 6, 1870 in United States Census Schedules, York County, 1870; age 35 on June 21, 1880, U.S. Census Schedules, York County, all in Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Destruction of property in 1865 in March 13, 1866, hearing at Fort Monroe (Assistant Subassistant Commissioner), Letters Sent (March 1866–1867), Records of the Field Offices for the State of Virginia (1865–1872), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1913, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• First marriage in Springfield City Marriage Register 5 (1850–1862), City Hall, Springfield, Massachusetts (age 23 on July 29, 1862)

• Second marriage in Marriage Register, King William County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia (age 30 on March 2, 1871)

• Age 30 on April 12, 1871 application (no. 2846), Registers of Signatures of Depositors, Freedman's Savings and Trust Company, 1865–1874, Records of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Record Group 101, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Norton's estate recorded in Personal Property Tax Returns, York County, 1898, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro-Office Holders in Virginia, 1865–1896 (1945), 30, 52 (photograph)

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Political Career 
 

• 1869 election result in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," p. 18

• Norton's election to the House of Delegates in 1871 (Election Record No. 3), 1873 (Election Record No. 6), 1877 (Election Record No. 13), 1879 (Election Record No. 14), 1881 (Election Record No. 17), and 1883 (Election Record No. 18), all in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Accession 26041, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Norton's 1874 campaign for the House of Representatives in Papers in the Matter of James H. Platt, Jr. vs. John Goode, Jr., Second Congressional District of Virginia, 44th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives, Miscellaneous Document 65 (1876)

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Newspapers 
 

Norton's political career is well documented in Virginia newspapers, 1860s–1890s, but see especially:

• Hampton True Southerner, December 14, 1865

• Richmond Daily Whig, April 24, 1869; December 17, 1879; March 18, 1881; September 1, 1883

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 12, 1869; January 7, 1871; September 28, 1871; December 17, 1879; March 9, 1880; September 17, 1880; May 13, 1883

• Richmond Daily State Journal, July 10, 1871; June 28, 1872

• Richmond Whig and Advertiser, September 24, 1872

• Woodstock Shenandoah Herald, April 28, 1880

• New York Herald, October 27, 1888, quoting Robert Norton

Biographical Information 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Halifax Co., 1870 (age forty), 1880 (age forty-six), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• First and second marriages in Halifax Co. Register of Marriages, 1866 (age thirty-seven on Dec. 26), 1873 (age forty-two).

• Third marriage in Mecklenburg Co. Marriage Register No. 1 (1854–1929), p. 352.

• Halifax Co. Deed Books, 62:718–719 and 82:421.

• Divorce in Alexander Owen v. Malinda Owen, Halifax Co. Chancery Cause, 1885-009.

• J. D. Fry for Etc. v. Alexander Owen, Halifax Co. Chancery Cause, 1895-052.

• Last known mention in 1898 Halifax County Personal Property Tax Return, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 32 (with 1831 year of birth).

, 
Political Career 
 

• Election results in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 16.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1869–1870 sess.), 36–37, 54, 270, 588, 607.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1870–1871 sess.), 387.

, 
Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Daily Whig, June 18, 1869.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 12, 1869; Mar. 17, 1870; Feb. 18, 1871 (fourth quotation), Feb. 18, 1879.

• Fredericksburg Ledger, Aug. 12, 1870 (first and second quotations).

• Staunton Spectator, June 14, 1870 (third quotation).

Biographical Information 
 

• Princess Anne Co. Register of Free Negroes (age sixteen in Apr. 1857).

• United States Census Schedules, Princess Anne Co., 1850 (age ten), 1860 (age eighteen), 1870 (age twenty-eight), 1880 (age thirty-six), and Special Schedule Enumerating Union Veterans and Widows of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Richmond City, 1890; Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Compiled Service Military Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served With the U.S. Colored Troops (with age twenty-three on enlistment date of Jan. 1, 1864, and first name sometimes rendered as Middleton or Nettleton), Records of the Adjutant General's Office, Record Group 94, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Marriage Register, Princess Anne Co., 1868 (age twenty-six on Feb. 26), 1882 (age thirty-nine on Dec. 24), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Land Tax Returns, Princess Anne Co. (1884–1888), Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Prison Register No. 6 (1885–1894), Nov. 26, 1889, Department of Corrections, Record Group 42, Library of Virginia.

• Secretary of the Commonwealth Executive Journal, July 11, 1893, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Death Register, City of Norfolk (age fifty-five in Mar. 1894), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 32 (with birth year of 1842).

, 
Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 14 (1879), 17 (1881), 65 (1883), Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1879–1880 sess.), 29, 30, 60, 94, 143.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1881–1882 sess.), 30, 31, 36, 67, 85 (third quotation), 158, 236 (first and second quotations), 448.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1882 extra sess.), 16.

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Newspapers 
 

• Warsaw Northern Neck News, Feb. 20, 1880.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, Aug. 20, 1875 (brief biography with age thirty-four); July 10, 1883.

• Norfolk Virginian, Oct. 21, 1879; Jan. 25, 1888; Aug. 14, 1889.

• Norfolk Journal of Commerce, Nov. 16, 1889.

• Richmond Dispatch, Aug. 14, 1889; Sept. 6, 1889; July 12, 1893.

Biographical Information 
 

• Birth date and death date of September 21, 1904, on gravestone, Mount Olive Cemetery, Norfolk.

• William Still, The Underground Railroad: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, Etc.… (1872), esp. 565.

• Incomplete biography in Richmond Daily Dispatch, August 20, 1875.

• Incomplete biography in Norfolk Journal and Guide, February 20, 1932 (first and second quotations).

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 32–33, portrait on 27.

• Marriage in Boston Post, 8 December 1868.

• Admission to the bar in City of Chesapeake (Norfolk County) Minute Book, 40:243.

• Norfolk Co. Circuit Court Will Book, 9:333–334.

• Third quotation in Lillie A. Paige's death certificate No. 9363 (1913), Norfolk City, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

, 
Political Career 
 

• Paige's election to the House of Delegates in 1871 (Election Record No. 4), 1873 (Election Record No. 2), 1879 (Election Record No. 14), 1881 (Election Record No. 17), all in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, Accession 26041, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• Washington, D.C. New National Era and Citizen, 7 August 1873.

• Richmond State, January 21, 1880.

• Interview in Richmond Southern Intelligencer, February 23, 1880.

• Letter to editor, July 26, 1884, in Petersburg Lancet, August 9, 1884.

, 
Obituaries 
 

• Norfolk Landmark, September 23, 1904 (with death date of September 22, 1904).

• Norfolk Virginian-Pilot, September 24, 1904 (with death date of September 22, 1904).

Primary Sources 
 

• Birth, marriage, and death dates in Patterson Family Bible Record (provided by third-great- granddaughter Sylvia Hathaway), photocopy in Dictionary of Virginia Biography editorial files, Library of Virginia.

• Additional family information provided by fourth-great-grandson, Rodney Hathaway.

• United States Census Schedules, New Kent Co., 1840–1880, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Land Tax Returns, New Kent Co., 1847–1895, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• New Kent Co. Deed Books, 3:380 (third quotation), 638–639, 4:156–158, 451–452, 6:581–582, 8:91–93.

• Consolidated Index of Claims Reported by the Commissioners of Claims to the House of Representatives from 1871 to 1880 (1892), 182, although Patterson's claim apparently does not survive in the Southern Claims Commission Approved Claims: Virginia, 1871–1880, Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury, Record Group 217, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 33, born free and identified as son of William H. Patterson.

• LaVonne Allen, "William Harvey Patterson," New Kent Historical Society Newsletter (Mar. 2012): 4, identified as son of John Bailey and Rebecca Ann Patterson.

, 
Political Career 
 

• 1871 election description and first quotation in deposition of William H. Brisby, Feb. 27, 1877, in his claim 19,204, Southern Claims Commission Approved Claims: Virginia, 1871–1880, Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury, Record Group 217, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 4 (1871), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Richmond Whig and Public Advertiser, Nov. 10, 1871; Nov. 14, 1871.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1871–1872 sess.), 33, 389–390.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1872–1873 sess.), 234.

• Acts and Joint Resolutions Passed by the General Assembly of the State of Virginia at its Session of 1872–'73 (1873), 167 (second quotation).

Primary Sources 
 

• Month and year of birth in United States Census Schedules, Alleghany County and Buckingham County, 1900, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Reports on Prominent Whites and Freedmen, March–May 1867, in Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia (1865–1869), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1048, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Second marriage recorded in Marriage Register, Richmond City, 1899, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia

• Real estate purchases documented in:
  • Alleghany County Deed Books 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 29
  • Buckingham County Deed Books 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15

• Buckingham County Court Minute Book 1, p. 447, and Book 2, pp. 8–9, 41, 147, Library of Virginia

• Slate River Colored Baptist Association Minutes, 1877, 1881, 1887, 1889

• 1869 election in General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 7

• 1887 election in Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, no. 24, Accession 26041, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia

• Richmond City Department of Heath Death Certificate, 1910, no. 2079, Library of Virginia (with variant birth date of March 1828)

, 
Secondary Sources 
 

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 33 (portrait on 68)

• Eugene A. Maloney, A History of Buckingham County (1976), 69–71

, 
Newspapers 
 

• Biographical information in Richmond Daily Dispatch, August 20, 1875

• Roanoke Times, May 6, 1892

• Richmond Planet, June 16, 1894; April 27, 1895; May 9, 1896; November 26, 1904; May 5, 1906

• Staunton Spectator and Vindicator, October 27, 1898

• Richmond Dispatch, September 10, 1902

• Richmond Times-Dispatch, August 31, 1910

, 
Obituaries 
 

• Richmond Planet, September 24, 1910

• Richmond Times-Dispatch, September 26, 1910

Biographical Information 
 

• Age 63 on June 2–4, 1880, United States Census Schedules, Louisa County, 1880, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Marriage documented in Louisa Courthouse, Assistant Subassistant Commissioner, Register of Black Persons in Louisa Legally Married by Act of Virginia Assembly Passed February 27, 1866, in Records of the Field Offices for the State of Virginia (1865–1872), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1913, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. (with age 49 as of February 27, 1866).

• Reports on Prominent Whites and Freedmen, March–May 1867 in Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia (1865–1869), Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Record Group 105, M1048, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Land transactions documented in Louisa County Deed Books, Library of Virginia.

• Family information in Louisa County Chancery Causes, Jennie Perkins etc. v. F.M. Perkins etc., 1905-006, Local Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia.

• Colored Shiloh Baptist Association Minutes, 1873–1884.

• Death Register, Louisa County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia (with variant age of 68).

• Will and estate appraisal in Louisa County Will Book 20, 27–29, 49–52, Library of Virginia.

, 
Political Career 
 

• General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District, 1869 (1870), "Summary of the result of the election for members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, held on the 6th day of July, 1869," 20.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia, for the Session of 1869–70 (1870), esp. 36, 37, 54, 615.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia, for the Session of 1870–71 (1871), esp. 23, 387.

• Alexandria Gazette, April 11, 1867

, 
Secondary Sources 
 

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 34 (with birth year of 1816), 77.

Biographical Information 
 

• United States Census Schedules, Louisa Co., 1850 (age two), 1860 (age fourteen), 1870 (age twenty-two), 1880 (age thirty-five), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

• Louisa Co. Register of Free People of Color, 1863–65, no. 635 (with physical description and "in the fifteenth year of his age" on Sept. 14, 1863).

• Freedmen's Record 4 (1868): 44.

• Louisa Co. Deed Book 1:334–335 (with middle name).

• Land Tax Returns, Louisa Co., 1888, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Louisa County Will Book, 19:330–331.

• Death Register, Louisa Co. (age thirty-five on Feb. 16, 1889), Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Biography in Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 34 (with death in 1903).

, 
Political Career 
 

• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 10 (1875), No. 14 (1879), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1875–1876 sess.), 49, 296–297.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia (1876–1877 sess.), 249–250, 424–426.

• Official Proceedings of the National Republican Conventions of 1868, 1872, 1876 and 1880 (1903), 353, 668.

, 
Newspapers 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, Oct. 4, 1875; Nov. 3, 1875; Nov. 4, 1875; Feb. 9, 1876; Apr. 15, 1876; Aug. 18, 1876; May 2, 1877; May 3, 1877; May 4, 1877; May 5, 1877; May 7, 1877; Sept. 19, 1877; Oct. 16, 1879; Nov. 6, 1879.

• Staunton Vindicator, June 24, 1881.

• Richmond Dispatch, Aug. 30, 1887.

, 
Obituary 
 

• Richmond Dispatch, Feb. 17, 1889.

• United States Census Schedules, Southampton County, 1860 (age eight), 1880 (age twenty-eight), Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
• Family relationships in Southampton Co. Will Book, 20:302–305, and in suit papers in Harrison P. Pope v. Russell P. Pope et al., Southampton Co. Chancery Cause, 1853-032; E. M. Darden and W. A. Myrick v. Joseph B. Pope's Estate, Southampton Co. Chancery Cause, 1885-011 (with death in 1884); and J. E. Bailey v. J. B. Pope et al., Southampton Co. Chancery Cause, 1885-028 (with death in 1884).
• Marriage License (with parents' names and age thirty on 3 Apr. 1882), Southampton Co.
• Land Tax Returns, Southampton Co., 1875–1884, Record Group 48, Auditor of Public Accounts, Library of Virginia.
• Southampton Co. Will Book, 21:313–317 (quotations on 314–315).

• A copy of a typescript list of Southampton County legislators in the Edgar B. Jackson Papers, Southampton Co. Historical Society, misidentified Pope as African American, which has been repeated in print.
• Secretary of the Commonwealth, Election Records, 1776–1941, No. 14 (1879), State Government Records Collection, Record Group 13, Library of Virginia.
• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia, (1879–1880 sess.), 30, 60, 320, 379, 386, 401–402.

• Norfolk Virginian, Sept. 20, 1879.
• Petersburg Index-Appeal, Nov. 5, 1879.
• Richmond Daily Whig, Nov. 6, 1879.
• Richmond State, Nov. 8, 1879; Dec. 3, 1879.

Primary Sources 
 

• Marriage Register (with age given as twenty-four on Dec. 29, 1868), Charlotte County, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Health, Record Group 36, Library of Virginia.

• Charlotte County Deed Books, 33:256–257, 43:353–354, 56:83.

• Personal Property Tax Returns, Charlotte Co. 1871, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Land Tax Returns, Charlotte Co., 1872–1908, Auditor of Public Accounts, Record Group 48, Library of Virginia.

• Register of Deaths (with age twenty-four, parents' names, place of death as Charlotte County, and date of death erroneously recorded as November 16, 1871), Halifax County, 1871, Library of Virginia.

• Isaac J. Overby v. William H. Ragsdale, adm., Charlotte Co. Chancery Cause, 1877-011¸ Library of Virginia.

, 
Secondary Sources 
 

• Luther Porter Jackson, Negro Office-Holders in Virginia, 1865–1895 (1945), 35.

, 
Political Career 
 

• Summary of the Result of the Election for Members of the House of Delegates of Virginia, Held on the 6th Day of July, 1869, 9, printed with General Orders and Circulars, Headquarters First Military District 1869 (1870).

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1869–1870 (1870), 36–37, 134 (first quotation), 142 (second quotation), 535, 606–607, 614–615.

• Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of Virginia for the Session of 1870–1871 (1871), 23, 79, 82, 387.

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, July 12, 1869, January 7, 1871 (third quotation).

, 
Obituaries 
 

• Richmond Daily Dispatch, October 17, 1871.

• Richmond Daily State Journal, October 17, 1871 (death notice).

• Birth date in the Douglas Register, 1705–1898 (p. 143), Accession 23367, Library of Virginia.
• Marriage recorded in James A. Bear Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, eds., Jefferson's Memorandum Books: Accounts, with Legal Records and Miscellany, 1767–1826 (1997), 1:750.
• First election as governor in Journal of the House of Delegates, 1819–1820 sess., 17.
• Annual reports to assembly in Journals of the House of Delegates, 1820–1821 sess., 6–12, 1821–1822 sess., 6–9, and 1822–1823 sess., 6–9.

• Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ).
• J. Jefferson Looney et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series (2004– ), quotation on 9:538.
• Carr-Cary Family Papers and Papers of the Randolph Family of Edgehill and Wilson Cary Nicholas, both in Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
• Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
• Coolidge Collection of Thomas Jefferson Manuscripts, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Mass.
• Governor Thomas Mann Randolph Executive Papers, Accession 41887, Library of Virginia.

• William H. Gaines Jr., Thomas Mann Randolph: Jefferson's Son-in-Law (1966).
• Cynthia A. Kierner, Martha Jefferson Randolph, Daughter of Monticello: Her Life and Times (2012).

• Obituary with date of death in Richmond Enquirer, July 4, 1828.